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Audubon's warbler
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==Taxonomy== This [[passerine]] [[bird]] was long known to be closely related to its counterparts Goldman's warbler and [[myrtle warbler]], and at various times the three forms have been classed as either one, two or three species. At present, the [[American Ornithological Society]] and Clements considers the myrtle, Audubon's, and Goldman's warbler three subspecies of the [[yellow-rumped warbler]] (''Setophaga coronata coronata'' and ''Setophaga coronata auduboni,'' and ''Setophaga coronata goldmani'' respectively) while the IOC World Bird List classifies the myrtle warbler, Audubon's, and Goldman's warbler as separate species (''Setophaga coronata'', ''Setophaga auduboni'', and ''Setophaga goldmani''). Audubon's warbler was originally called the yellow-rumped warbler along with the myrtle warbler. However, in 1973 scientists began to differentiate between them. Regionally, these subspecies are differentiated with the myrtle warbler belonging to the eastern United States and Audubon's warbler being found in the west. Intermediate forms of the species can also exist when their breeding ranges overlap like in the hybrid zone in the United States and western Canada.<ref name="allaboutbirds.org"/> A study done in 2011 concluded that Audubon's warbler is itself the result of hybridization of the myrtle warbler and black-fronted warbler. The study found that Audubon's warbler and the myrtle warbler share [[mitochondrial DNA]] and migratory patterns and northern Audubon's warblers' nuclear allele frequency and wing span were an average between the Myrtle Warbler and black-fronted warbler while southern Audubon's warblers allele frequency and wing span mimicked the black-fronted warbler.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Brelsford|first1=Alan|last2=MilΓ‘|first2=Borja|last3=Irwin|first3=Darren|date=2011|title=Hybrid origin of Audubon's warbler|journal=[[Molecular Ecology]]|volume=20|issue=11|pages=2380β2389|doi=10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05055.x |pmid=21435063 |bibcode=2011MolEc..20.2380B }}</ref> Black-fronted warbler, ''Setophaga auduboni nigrifrons'' is a subspecies found in Chihuahua to Durango, Mexico.<ref name="Avibase 2003 x799">{{cite web | title=Setophaga auduboni nigrifrons [incl. memorabilis] (Audubon's Warbler (nigrifrons, incl. memorabilis)) | website=Avibase | date=2003-06-24 | url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=8E966B33 | access-date=2023-12-22}}</ref>
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