Editing August 5 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
*[[AD 25]] &ndash; [[Emperor Guangwu of Han|Guangwu]] claims the throne as [[Emperor of China]], restoring the [[Han dynasty]] after the collapse of the short-lived [[Xin dynasty]].
*[[AD 70|70]] &ndash; Fires resulting from the destruction of the [[Second Temple]] in Jerusalem are extinguished. 
* [[642]] &ndash; [[Battle of Maserfield]]: [[Penda of Mercia]] defeats and kills [[Oswald of Northumbria]].
* [[910]] &ndash; The last major Danish army to raid [[Kingdom of England|England]] for nearly a century is defeated at the [[Battle of Tettenhall]] by the allied forces of [[Mercia]] and [[Wessex]], led by King [[Edward the Elder]] and [[Æthelred, Lord of the Mercians]].
* [[939]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Alhandic]] is fought between [[Ramiro II of León]] and [[Abd-ar-Rahman III]] at [[Zamora, Spain|Zamora]] in the context of the [[Spanish Reconquista]]. The battle resulted in a victory for the [[Emirate of Córdoba]].
*[[1068]] &ndash; [[Byzantine–Norman wars]]: [[Italo-Norman]]s begin a [[Siege of Bari|nearly-three-year siege of Bari]].
*[[1100]] &ndash; [[Henry I of England|Henry I]] is crowned [[List of English monarchs|King of England]] in [[Westminster Abbey]].<ref>{{cite book|author=John S. Dalton|title=The Coronation Manual; and Descriptive Companion to Westminster Abbey ...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hyBbAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA20|year=1838|publisher=Darton&Clark|pages=20}}</ref>
*[[1278]] &ndash; [[Spanish Reconquista]]: the forces of the [[Kingdom of Castile]] initiate the ultimately futile [[Siege of Algeciras (1278)|Siege of Algeciras]] against the [[Emirate of Granada]].
*[[1305]] &ndash; [[First Scottish War of Independence]]: [[John de Menteith|Sir John Stewart of Menteith]], the pro-English Sheriff of Dumbarton, successfully manages to capture [[William Wallace|Sir William Wallace of Scotland]], leading to Wallace's subsequent execution by hanging, evisceration, drawing and quartering, and beheading 18 days later.<ref>{{cite book|author=Peter Traquair|title=Freedom's Sword|url= https://archive.org/details/freedomssword00pete/page/122/mode/2up|year=1998|publisher=Robert Rinehart Publishers|pages=123–124|isbn=9781570982477 }}</ref>
*[[1388]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Otterburn]], a border skirmish between the Scottish and the English in Northern England, is fought near [[Otterburn, Northumberland|Otterburn]].<ref name="Armstrong2013">{{cite book|author=Peter Armstrong|title=Otterburn 1388: Bloody border conflict|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eU21CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA58|date=20 January 2013|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-84603-770-2|pages=58}}</ref>
*[[1460]] &ndash; The Kingdom of Scotland [[Capture of Roxburgh (1460)|captures Roxburgh]], one of the last English strongholds in Scotland, following a siege.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Archibald |first1=Malcolm |title=Dance If Ye Can: A Dictionary of Scottish Battles |date=2016 |publisher=Creativia |isbn=978-1536821796 |chapter=Roxburgh Castle}}</ref>
*[[1506]] &ndash; The [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] defeats the [[Crimean Khanate]] in the [[Battle of Kletsk]].<ref>{{cite book |title= The Crimean Khanate and Poland-Lithuania: International Diplomacy on the European Periphery (15th–18th Century). A Study of Peace Treaties Followed by Annotated Documents |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FHrTxHmegRYC&pg=PA30 |series =The Ottoman Empire and its Heritage |first=Dariusz |last=Kolodziejczyk |publisher=BRILL |year=2011 |isbn=9789004191907 |pages=30–31}}</ref>
*[[1583]] &ndash; Sir [[Humphrey Gilbert]] establishes the first English [[colony]] in North America, at what is now [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador]].
*[[1600]] &ndash; The [[John Ruthven, 3rd Earl of Gowrie#Gowrie conspiracy|Gowrie Conspiracy]] against [[James VI and I|King James VI of Scotland]] (later to become King James I of England) takes place at [[Gowrie House (Perth, Scotland)]].<ref>Jenny Wormald, "The Gowrie Conspiracy", Miles Kerr-Peterson & Steven J. Reid, ''James VI and Noble Power'' (Routledge, 2017), pp. 194–206.</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1620]] &ndash; The ''[[Mayflower]]'' departs from [[Southampton]], England, carrying would-be settlers, on its first attempt to reach North America; it is forced to dock in Dartmouth when its companion ship, the ''Speedwell'', springs a leak.<ref name="Landis1998">{{cite book|author=John T. Landis|title=Mayflower Descendants and Their Marriages for Two Generations After the Landing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mEMAAAAYAAJ|date=1 December 1998|publisher=Genealogical Pub.|isbn=978-0-8063-0206-5|page=6}}</ref>
*[[1689]] &ndash; [[Beaver Wars]]: Fifteen hundred [[Iroquois]] [[Lachine massacre|attack]] [[Lachine, Quebec|Lachine]] in [[New France]].
*[[1716]] &ndash; [[Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718)]]: One-fifth of a Turkish army and the [[Grand Vizier]] are killed in the [[Battle of Petrovaradin]].
*[[1735]] &ndash; [[Freedom of the press]]: ''New York Weekly Journal'' writer [[John Peter Zenger]] is acquitted of [[seditious libel]] against the royal governor of New York, on the basis that what he had published was true.
*[[1763]] &ndash; [[Pontiac's War]]: [[Battle of Bushy Run]]: British forces led by [[Henry Bouquet]] defeat [[Chief Pontiac]]'s [[Native Americans in the United States|Indians]] at [[Battle of Bushy Run|Bushy Run]].
*[[1772]] &ndash; [[First Partition of Poland]]: The representatives of [[Habsburg monarchy|Austria]], [[Prussia]], and [[Russian Empire|Russia]] sign three bilateral conventions condemning the "anarchy" of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] and imputing to the three powers "ancient and legitimate rights" to the territories of the Commonwealth. The conventions allow each of the three great powers to annex a part of the Commonwealth, which they proceed to do over the course of the following two months.<ref>{{Cite book|title= The Partitions of Poland: 1772, 1793, 1795|first=Jerzy|last=Lukowski|publisher=Routledge|year=2014 |isbn=978-0-582-29274-1|pages=81}}</ref>
*[[1781]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Dogger Bank (1781)|Battle of Dogger Bank]] takes place.
*[[1796]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Castiglione]] in [[Napoleon]]'s first [[Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars]] results in a French victory.
*[[1816]] &ndash; The British Admiralty dismisses [[Francis Ronalds]]'s new invention of the first working [[electrical telegraph|electric telegraph]] as "wholly unnecessary", preferring to continue using the semaphore.
*[[1824]] &ndash; [[Greek War of Independence]]: [[Konstantinos Kanaris]] leads a Greek fleet to victory against Ottoman and Egyptian naval forces in the [[Battle of Samos (1824)|Battle of Samos]].
*[[1858]] &ndash; [[Cyrus West Field]] and others complete the first [[transatlantic telegraph cable]] after several unsuccessful attempts. It will operate for less than a month.
*[[1860]] &ndash; [[Charles XV]] of Sweden–Norway is crowned king of Norway in [[Trondheim]].
*[[1861]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: In order to help pay for the war effort, the [[Federal government of the United States|United States government]] levies the first [[income tax]] as part of the [[Revenue Act of 1861]] (3% of all incomes over US$800; rescinded in [[1872]]).
*  1861   &ndash; The [[United States Army]] abolishes [[Flagellation|flogging]].
*[[1862]] &ndash; American Civil War: [[Battle of Baton Rouge (1862)|Battle of Baton Rouge]]: Along the [[Mississippi River]] near [[Baton Rouge, Louisiana]], [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] troops attempt to take the city, but are driven back by fire from Union gunboats.
*[[1864]] &ndash; American Civil War: The [[Battle of Mobile Bay]] begins at [[Mobile Bay]] near [[Mobile, Alabama]], Admiral [[David Farragut]] leads a Union flotilla through Confederate defenses and seals one of the last major Southern ports.
*[[1874]] &ndash; Japan launches its [[postal savings system]], modeled after a similar system in the United Kingdom.
*[[1882]] &ndash; [[Standard Oil]] Company of New Jersey, today known as [[ExxonMobil]], is established officially. The company would later grow to become the holder of all Standard Oil companies and the entity at the center of the [[breakup of Standard Oil]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION :: New Jersey (US) :: OpenCorporates |url=https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_nj/3793794100 |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=opencorporates.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Historical Overview · Overview · Standard Oil vs. Everyone |url=http://projects.leadr.msu.edu/standardoilvseveryone/exhibits/show/overview/overview |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=projects.leadr.msu.edu}}</ref>
*[[1884]] &ndash; The cornerstone for the [[Statue of Liberty]] is laid on [[Liberty Island|Bedloe's Island]] (now Liberty Island) in [[New York Harbor]].
*[[1888]] &ndash; [[Bertha Benz]] drives from [[Mannheim]] to [[Pforzheim]] and back in the first long distance automobile trip, commemorated as the [[Bertha Benz Memorial Route]] since 2008.

===1901–present===
*[[1901]] &ndash; [[Peter O'Connor (athlete)|Peter O'Connor]] sets the first [[World Athletics]] recognised [[long jump]] [[List of world records in athletics|world record]] of {{convert|24|ft|11.75|in|m|abbr=on}}, a record that would stand for 20 years.
*[[1906]] &ndash; [[Persian Constitutional Revolution]]: [[Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar]], King of Iran, agrees to convert the government to a [[constitutional monarchy]].
*[[1914]] &ndash; [[World War I]]: The German [[minelayer]] {{SS|Königin Luise|1913|6}} lays a minefield about {{convert|40|mi|km}} off the [[Thames Estuary]] ([[Lowestoft]]). She is intercepted and sunk by the British light-cruiser {{HMS|Amphion|1911|6}}.
*  1914   &ndash; World War I: The guns of Point Nepean fort at Port Phillip Heads in Victoria (Australia) fire across the bows of the Norddeutscher Lloyd steamer {{SS|Pfalz|1913|6}} which is attempting to leave the Port of Melbourne in ignorance of the declaration of war and she is detained; this is said to be the first Allied shot of the War.
*  1914   &ndash; In [[Cleveland, Ohio]], the first electric [[traffic light]] is installed.
*[[1916]] &ndash; World War I: [[Battle of Romani]]: Allied forces, under the command of [[Archibald Murray]], defeat an attacking [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman army]] under the command of [[Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein]], securing the [[Suez Canal]] and beginning the Ottoman retreat from the [[Sinai Peninsula]].
*[[1925]] &ndash; [[Plaid Cymru]] is formed with the aim of disseminating knowledge of the [[Welsh language]] that is at the time in danger of dying out.
*[[1926]] &ndash; [[Harry Houdini]] performs his greatest feat, spending 91 minutes underwater in a sealed tank before escaping.
*[[1939]] &ndash; [[The Thirteen Roses]]: Thirteen female members of the [[Unified Socialist Youth]] are executed by [[Francoist]] forces in [[Madrid]], Spain.<ref>Egido León, Ángeles. ''El perdon de Franco. La represión de las mujeres en el Madrid de posguerra.''.Los libros de la catarata. 2009. Madrid.p.63</ref>  
*[[1940]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: The [[Soviet Union]] formally [[Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940#1940–1941: The first Soviet occupation|annexes]] [[Latvia]].
*[[1944]] &ndash; World War II: At least 1,104 [[Japanese people|Japanese]] [[Prisoner of war|POWs in Australia]] [[Cowra breakout|attempt to escape from a camp at Cowra, New South Wales]]; 545 temporarily succeed but are later either killed, commit suicide, or are recaptured.
*  1944   &ndash; World War II: Polish insurgents liberate a German [[labor camp]] ([[Gęsiówka]]) in [[Warsaw]], freeing 348 [[Jews|Jewish]] prisoners.
*  1944   &ndash; World War II: The Nazis begin a [[Wola massacre|week-long massacre]] of between 40,000 and 50,000 civilians and prisoners of war in [[Wola]], Poland.
*[[1949]] &ndash; In [[Ecuador]], [[1949 Ambato earthquake|an earthquake]] destroys 50 towns and kills more than 6,000.
*  1949   &ndash; In [[Montana]], 12 [[smokejumper]] firefighters and 1 [[United States Forest Service|US Forest Service]] fire guard are killed in the [[Mann Gulch fire|Mann Gulch Fire]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mann Gulch Fire,1949 |url=https://foresthistory.org/research-explore/us-forest-service-history/policy-and-law/fire-u-s-forest-service/famous-fires/mann-gulch-fire-1949/}}</ref>
*[[1957]] &ndash; ''[[American Bandstand]]'', a show dedicated to the teenage "baby-boomers" by playing the songs and showing popular dances of the time, debuts on the [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] television network.
*[[1960]] &ndash; [[Burkina Faso]], then known as [[Republic of Upper Volta|Upper Volta]], becomes independent from France.
*[[1962]] &ndash; [[Apartheid]]: [[Nelson Mandela]] is jailed. He would not be released until [[1990]].
*  1962   &ndash; American actress [[Marilyn Monroe]] is [[Death of Marilyn Monroe|found dead]] at her home from a drug overdose.
*[[1963]] &ndash; [[Cold War]]: The United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union sign the [[Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty]].
*[[1964]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: [[Operation Pierce Arrow]]: American aircraft from carriers {{USS|Ticonderoga|CV-14|6}} and {{USS|Constellation|CV-64|6}} bomb [[North Vietnam]] in retaliation for strikes against U.S. destroyers in the [[Gulf of Tonkin]].
*[[1965]] &ndash; The [[Indo-Pakistani war of 1965]] begins as Pakistani soldiers cross the [[Line of Control]] dressed as locals.
*[[1966]] &ndash; A group of [[Red Guards|red guards]] at [[Experimental High School Attached to Beijing Normal University|Experimental High]] in Beijing, including [[Deng Rong]] and Liu Pingping, daughters of [[Deng Xiaoping]] and [[Liu Shaoqi]] respectively, beat the deputy vice principal, Bian Zhongyun, to death with sticks after accusing her of counter-revolutionary revisionism, producing one of the first fatalities of the [[Cultural Revolution]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ye|first=Weili|date=1 February 2017|title=The Death of Bian Zhongyun|journal=The Chinese Historical Review|volume=13|issue=2|pages=203–240|language=en|doi=10.1080/1547402x.2006.11827241|s2cid=151428729}}</ref>
*[[1969]] &ndash; The [[Lonesome Cowboys police raid|''Lonesome Cowboys'' police raid]] occurs in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], leading to the creation of the Georgia Gay Liberation Front.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Brown|first=Malik|date=May 12, 2021|title=A Short Retelling of Atlanta's Long — But Radical — Queer History|url=https://www.out.com/print/2021/5/12/short-retelling-atlantas-long-radical-queer-history|access-date=May 25, 2021|website=[[Out (magazine)|Out]]|language=en}}</ref>
*[[1971]] &ndash; The first [[Pacific Islands Forum]] (then known as the "South Pacific Forum") is held in [[Wellington]], New Zealand, with the aim of enhancing cooperation between the independent countries of the Pacific Ocean.
*[[1973]] &ndash; [[Mars 6]] is launched from the USSR.
*[[1974]] &ndash; [[Watergate scandal]]: President [[Richard Nixon]], under orders of the [[Supreme Court of the United States|US Supreme Court]], releases the [[Nixon White House tapes|"Smoking Gun" tape]], recorded on June 23, 1972, clearly revealing his actions in covering up and interfering investigations into the break-in. His political support vanishes completely.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Smoking Gun Tape|url=https://watergate.info/1972/06/23/the-smoking-gun-tape.html|access-date=2021-06-26|website=watergate.info|date=23 June 1972 }}</ref>
*[[1979]] &ndash; In Afghanistan, Maoists undertake the [[Bala Hissar uprising]] against the Leninist government.
*[[1981]] &ndash; President [[Ronald Reagan]] [[Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (1968)|fires]] 11,359 [[Strike action|striking]] air-traffic controllers who ignored his order for them to return to work.
*[[1984]] &ndash; A [[Biman Bangladesh Airlines]] [[Fokker F27 Friendship]] [[1984 Biman Bangladesh Airlines Fokker F27 crash|crashes]] on approach to [[Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport|Zia International Airport]], in [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]], killing all 49 people on board.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19840805-1|title=ASN Aircraft accident Fokker F-27 Friendship 600 S2-ABJ Dhaka-Zia International Airport (DAC)|last=Ranter|first=Harro|website=aviation-safety.net|access-date=2019-07-27}}</ref>
*[[1995]] &ndash; [[Yugoslav Wars]]: The city of [[Knin]], Croatia, a significant [[Serbs|Serb]] stronghold, is taken by [[Croatia]]n forces during [[Operation Storm]]. The date is celebrated in Croatia as [[Victory Day (Croatia)|Victory Day]].
*[[2003]] &ndash; A [[2003 Marriott Hotel bombing|car bomb]] explodes in the [[Indonesia]]n capital of [[Jakarta]] outside the [[Marriott International|Marriott Hotel]] killing 12 and injuring 150.
*[[2008]] &ndash; The [[New England Revolution]] win the [[2008 North American SuperLiga final]] against the [[Houston Dynamo]].<ref name="Super finish for Revolution">{{cite news |last1=Walker |first1=Monique |title=A super finish for Revolution |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe-a-super-finish-for-revo/27703910/ |access-date=January 14, 2024 |work=The Boston Globe |publisher=The Boston Globe |date=August 6, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107190311/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-boston-globe-a-super-finish-for-revo/27703910/ |archive-date=January 7, 2024 |page=25}}</ref>
*[[2010]] &ndash; The [[2010 Copiapó mining accident|Copiapó mining accident]] occurs, trapping 33 Chilean miners approximately {{convert|2,300|ft|m|abbr=on}} below the ground for 69 days.
*  2010   &ndash; Ten members of [[International Assistance Mission]] Nuristan Eye Camp team [[2010 Badakhshan massacre|are killed]] by persons unknown in [[Kuran wa Munjan District]] of [[Badakhshan Province|Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan]].
*[[2012]] &ndash; The [[Wisconsin Sikh temple shooting]] took place in [[Oak Creek, Wisconsin]], killing six victims; the perpetrator committed suicide after being wounded by police.
*[[2015]] &ndash; The Environmental Protection Agency at [[2015 Gold King Mine waste water spill|Gold King Mine waste water spill]] releases three million gallons of [[toxic heavy metal|heavy metal toxin tailings]] and waste water into the [[Animas River]] in Colorado.
*[[2019]] &ndash; The [[Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir|revocation of the special status]] of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)]] occurred and the state was bifurcated into two union territories ([[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)]] and [[Ladakh]]).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/05/world/asia/india-pakistan-kashmir-jammu.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/05/world/asia/india-pakistan-kashmir-jammu.html |archive-date=2022-01-01 |url-access=limited|title=India Revokes Kashmir's Special Status, Raising Fears of Unrest|last1=Gettleman|first1=Jeffrey|date=2019-08-05|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-11-15|last2=Raj|first2=Suhasini|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|last3=Schultz|first3=Kai|last4=Kumar|first4=Hari}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
*[[2021]] &ndash; [[Australia]]'s second most populous state [[Victoria (state)|Victoria]] enters its sixth [[COVID-19]] [[lockdown]], enacting stage four restrictions statewide in reaction to six new COVID-19 cases recorded that morning.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.dhhs.vic.gov.au/coronavirus-update-victoria-5-august-2021 |title=Coronavirus update for Victoria – 5 August 2021 |work=DHHS|access-date=12 September 2021}}</ref>
*[[2024]] &ndash; Following the [[Non-cooperation movement (2024)|non-cooperation movement]] against the [[Fifth Hasina ministry|government of Bangladesh]], Bangladeshi [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh|Prime Minister]] [[Sheikh Hasina]] resigns and flees the country, ending her rule of 15 consecutive years and a total of almost two decades.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sheikh Hasina: How Bangladesh's protesters ended a 15-year reign |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c9033zpv0nvo |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bangladesh's prime minister flees country and resigns after deadly protest |url=https://news.sky.com/story/bangladesh-prime-minister-resigns-after-deadly-protests-reports-13191184 |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Sky News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina resigns and flees as protesters storm palace |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/8/5/bangladesh-pm-hasina-quits-and-flees-as-protestors-storm-palace-reports |access-date=2024-08-05 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}</ref>