Editing Autogenic training (section)

==History==
Autogenic training (AT) was first presented by German psychiatrist Johannes Heinrich Schultz in 1926 to the Medical Society in Berlin.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=History of Autogenic Training |url=https://autogenic-training-online.com/history-of-autogenic-training |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=autogenic-training-online.com |language=en-gb}}</ref> Disenchanted with psychoanalysis in the 1920s, Schultz began exploring new therapeutic methods.<ref name=":0" /> His search was heavily influenced by his  experience with German neurologist Oscar Vogt, with whom he researched sleep and hypnosis.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/489079698 |title=Pain management |date=2007 |publisher=Saunders/Elsevier |others=Steven D. Waldman |isbn=978-1-4377-2144-7 |location=Philadelphia |oclc=489079698}}</ref> Collecting data about hypnosis in his research with Vogt, Schultz found that the hypnotized often felt a feeling of heaviness in the extremities, as well as a feeling of pleasant warmth.<ref name="Kanji,1997" /> Interested by this relationship, Schultz investigated whether imagining such heaviness and warmth in the limbs could lead to self-hypnosis.<ref name="Kanji,1997" /> Under his guidance, Schultz's patients were able to go into a hypnotic state for a self-determined period of time by simply imagining a state of heaviness and warmth in one's limbs.<ref name="Kanji,1997" /> These short-term mental exercises appeared to reduce stress or effects such as fatigue and tension while avoiding side effects such as headaches. Inspired by this research and Vogt's work, [[Johannes Heinrich Schultz]] became interested in the phenomenon of [[autosuggestion]]. He wanted to explore an approach to relaxation, which would avoid undesirable passivity of the patients and dependency on the therapist. To this end, Schultz developed a set of six exercises called autogenic training.<ref name="Kanji,1997">{{Cite journal|last=Kanji|first=N.|date=1997-09-01|title=Autogenic training|journal=Complementary Therapies in Medicine|volume=5|issue=3|pages=162–167|doi=10.1016/s0965-2299(97)80060-x}}</ref>

Autogenic training was popularized in North America and the English-speaking world by [[Wolfgang Luthe]], a German physician, who worked under Schultz and investigated the effects of autogenic training on physical and mental health issues.<ref name="Kanji,1997" /> Later on, when Luthe immigrated to Canada, he wrote about autogenic training in English, thereby introducing the English-speaking world to AT.<ref name="Kanji,1997" /> With help from Schultz, Luthe published ''Autogenic Therapy'', a multi-volume text that described AT in detail, in 1969.<ref name="Kanji,1997" /> The publication of ''Autogenic Therapy'' brought AT to North America.<ref name=":1" /> Later on, his disciple Luis de Rivera, a McGill University-trained psychiatrist, introduced psychodynamic concepts into Luthe's approach, developing autogenic analysis as a new method for uncovering the unconscious.<ref>{{cite book |last=Rivera |first=José Luis González de |title=The body in psychotherapy: international congress, Geneva, February 1–3, 1996 |date=1997 |publisher=Karger |isbn=9783805562850 |editor-last=Guimón |editor-first=J |location=Basel; New York |pages=176–181 |chapter=Autogenic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis |oclc=36511904 |chapter-url=http://www.psicoter.es/_arts/pdf/97_C047_02.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Rivera |first=José Luis González de |year=2001 |title=Autogenic analysis: the tool Freud was looking for |url=http://psicoter.es/_arts/01_A166_01.pdf |journal=International Journal of Psychotherapy |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=67–76 |doi=10.1080/13569080120042216}}</ref>

More recently in 2015, [[biofeedback]] practitioners integrate basic elements of autogenic imagery and have simplified versions of parallel techniques that are used in combination with biofeedback. This was done at the [[Menninger Foundation]] by Elmer Green, Steve Fahrion, Patricia Norris, Joe Sargent, Dale Walters and others. They incorporated the hand warming imagery of autogenic training and used it as an aid to develop thermal biofeedback.<ref name="Spencer">{{Cite book |last=LACI. |first=SPENCER |title=FLOTATION : a guide for sensory deprivation, relaxation, & isolation tanks. |date=2015 |publisher=LULU COM |isbn=9781329173750 |location=[S.l.] |oclc=980240164}}</ref>