Editing Autograph collecting (section)

==Commercialization==
Some celebrities still enjoy signing autographs for free for fans. Many people who stand outside [[premiere]]s asking for autographs are actually professional autograph traders, who make their living or supplement their income by selling them for full profit, rather than keeping them as a personal [[souvenir]].{{fact|date=December 2019}} This is one of the main reasons for some celebrities only giving their signatures for a fee. [[Joe DiMaggio]] was able to earn more money through signing fees than he made in his playing career, though he also gave individual autographs.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/03/11/sports/sports-of-the-times-joe-dimaggio-s-rings-bats-and-tee-shots.html |title=Joe Dimaggio's rings bats and thee shots |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=11 March 1999 |last1=Anderson |first1=Dave }}</ref>  [[Bill Russell (basketball)|Bill Russell]] did not sign at all in public, and only sparingly at private sessions. [[Michael Jordan]] reportedly did not sign for most of his career because of safety concerns about frenzied attempts to get his signature, which is worth thousands of dollars. Jordan has frequently signed at more peaceful events, such as golf tournaments. [[Pete Rose]] was paid to sign 30 baseballs with the inscription "I'm sorry I bet on baseball."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.com/mlb/news/story?id=2592359 |title=GO.com |publisher=[[ESPN]] |date=September 19, 2006 |access-date=January 10, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=A.J. Daulerio |url=http://deadspin.com/5161101/mantle-family-brings-mickeys-f+yogi-ball-home |title=Deadspin |publisher=Deadspin |date=February 26, 2009 |access-date=January 10, 2012}}</ref> In the 1980s, actor/comedian [[Steve Martin]] carried business cards which he handed out to fans requesting an autograph; the cards read "This certifies that you have had a personal encounter with me and that you found me warm, polite, intelligent and funny."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.chron.com/celebritybuzz/2011/12/steve-martin-abandons-pre-signed-autographs/|title=Steve Martin abandons pre-signed autographs|date=6 December 2011}}</ref>

Realizing the potential profit in the sale of pop culture autographs, many dealers also would wait for hours for a celebrity to emerge from a location, present several photos for the celebrity to sign and then sell most of them. [[Michael Jackson]]'s experience was typical; he often signed just a handful of autographs as he rushed from his hotel to his vehicle.  Some collectors take note of which celebrities are the most gracious or the least forthcoming.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7147980.stm |title=Depp named 'best autograph giver'  |work=[[BBC News]] |date=December 17, 2007 |access-date=January 10, 2012}}</ref>  Some dealers would locate a celebrity's home address and write to them repeatedly asking for autographs. Some celebrities soon grew tired of the practice and limited their responses. Because of the many autographs a celebrity might sign over time, some check requests against a record of past requests. Boxer [[George Foreman]], for instance, recorded the names and addresses of every person requesting an autograph to limit such abuses. Some famous people flatly refused to autograph anything for fans, such as the actors [[Paul Newman]] and [[Greta Garbo]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.garboforever.com/Garbos_Signatures-1.htm|title=GarboForever - Garbo's Signature}}</ref> and the aviator [[Charles A. Lindbergh]].

===Glossary===
In autograph-auction catalogues the following abbreviations are used to help describe the type of letter or document that is being offered for sale.
* '''AD''': Autograph Document (hand-written by the person to be collected, but not signed)
* '''ADS''': Autograph Document Signed (written and signed by same individual)
* '''AL''': Autograph Letter (hand-written by the person to be collected, but not signed)
* '''ALS''': Autograph Letter Signed (hand-written and signed by same individual)
* '''AMs''': Autograph Manuscript (hand-written; such as the draft of a play, research paper or music sheet)
* '''AMsS''': Autograph Manuscript Signed (hand-written and signed by same individual)
* '''AMusQs''': Autograph Musical Quotation Signed (hand-written and signed by same individual)
* '''AN''': Autograph Note (no salutation or closing, usually shorter than a letter)
* '''ANS''': Autograph Note Signed (hand-written and signed by same individual)
* '''APCS''': Autograph Postcard Signed (hand-written and signed by same individual)
* '''AQS''': Autograph Quote Signed (hand-written and signed by same individual; poem verse, sentence, or bar-of-music)
* '''DS''': Document signed (printed, or while hand-written by another, is signed by individual sought to be collected)
* '''LS''': Letter Signed (hand-written by someone else, but signed by the individual sought to be collected, frequently handwritten by secretaries before the advent of the typewriter)
* '''PS''': Photograph Signed or Postcard Signed
* '''SP''': Signed Photograph
* '''TLS''': Typed Letter Signed
* '''TNS''': Typed Note Signed
* '''folio''': A printer's sheet of paper folded once to make two leaves, double quarto size or larger.
* '''octavo(8vo)''': A manuscript page about six-by-nine inches. (Originally determined by folding a printer's sheet of paper to form eight leaves.)
* '''quarto(4to)''': A manuscript page of about nine and one-half by twelve inches. (Originally determined by folding a printer's sheet of paper twice to form four leaves.)