Editing Automotive navigation system (section)

==History==
Automotive navigation systems represent a convergence of a number of diverse technologies, many of which have been available for many years, but were too costly or inaccessible. Limitations such as batteries, display, and processing power had to be overcome before the product became commercially viable.<ref>''Cartographies of Travel and Navigation'', [[James R. Akerman]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=4S-UaFxGVL8C&pg=PA280&dq=honda+electro+navigation&sig=J6xeR0c5DYK0cRatgdExKClGTjw#PPA278,M1 p.277]</ref>
*1961: [[Hidetsugu Yagi]] designed a wireless-based navigation system. This design was still primitive and intended for military-use. 
*1966: [[General Motors]] Research (GMR) was working on a non-satellite-based navigation and assistance system called DAIR (Driver Aid, Information & Routing). After initial tests GM found that it was not a scalable or practical way to provide navigation assistance. Decades later, however, the concept would be reborn as [[OnStar]] (founded 1996).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gpspower.net/gps-news/330038-evolution-car-navigation-technology-pictures.html|title=This is the evolution of in-car navigation technology (pictures)|website=www.gpspower.net}}</ref>
*1971: Compact Cassette based navigation following pre-determined routes, instructious would be read followed by a tone that would tell a controller to continue the cassette after the distance (denoted by the tone) had been reached. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4qqnHtH1RAs |title=Sat nav - without a satellite - in 1971? |publisher=BBC Archive Youtube |date= 21 December 2021|accessdate=2023-12-31}}</ref>
*1973: Japan's [[Ministry of International Trade and Industry]] (MITI) and [[Fuji Heavy Industries]] sponsored CATC (Comprehensive Automobile Traffic Control), a Japanese research project on automobile navigation systems.<ref name="akerman279">''Cartographies of Travel and Navigation'', James R. Akerman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4S-UaFxGVL8C&pg=PA279 p.279]</ref>
*1979: MITI established JSK (Association of Electronic Technology for Automobile Traffic and Driving) in Japan.<ref name="akerman279"/>
*1980: Electronic Auto Compass with new mechanism on the [[Toyota Crown]].
*1981: The earlier research of CATC led to the first generation of automobile navigation systems from Japanese companies [[Honda]], [[Nissan]] and [[Toyota]]. They used [[dead reckoning]] technology.<ref name="akerman279"/>
*1981: Honda's [[Electro Gyrocator]] was the first commercially available car navigation system. It used inertial navigation systems, which tracked the distance traveled, the start point, and direction headed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2017/06/13/world/gallery/japanese-inventions-changed-how-we-live/index.html |title=Japanese inventions that changed the way we live |publisher=CNN |date= 13 June 2017|access-date=2022-04-12}}</ref> It was also the first with a map display.<ref name="akerman279"/>
*1981: Navigation computer on the [[Toyota Celica]] (NAVICOM).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://7car.tw/articles/read/12512 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2016-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411160734/http://7car.tw/articles/read/12512 |archive-date=2016-04-11 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*1983: [[Etak (automotive navigation systems)|Etak]] was founded. It made an early system that used map-matching to improve on dead reckoning instrumentation. Digital map information was stored on standard cassette tapes.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wirelesscommunication.nl/reference/chaptr01/roadtrin/positi.htm|title=IVHS: Positioning and Navigation|website=www.wirelesscommunication.nl}}</ref>
*1987: Toyota introduced the World's first [[CD-ROM]]-based navigation system on the [[Toyota Crown (S130)|Toyota Crown]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.favcars.com/toyota-crown-royal-saloon-g-3-0-hardtop-ms137-1987-91-images-186105.htm |title=Toyota Crown Royal 1987|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |website=favcars.com/ |access-date=2015-01-19}}</ref>
*1989: Gregg Howe of Design Works USA applied Hunter Systems $40,000 navigational computer to the Magna Torrero Concept Car. Originally developed to locate hydrants for fire departments, this system utilized both satellite signals & [[dead reckoning]] improving overall system accuracy due to civilian GPS limitations. This system also boast a color raster scan monitor, rather than the monochromatic vector mapping displays used by predecessors.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://testdrivejunkie.com/1990-magna-torrero-concept-car/ |title=1990 Magna Torrero Concept Car |website=testdrivejunkie.com |date=2012-04-04}}</ref><ref>Motor Trend - June 1989</ref><ref>4x4 & Offroad - June 1989</ref> 
*1990: [[Mazda Eunos Cosmo]] became the first production car with built-in [[GPS]]-navigation system<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.motortrend.com/classic/features/12q2_1993_eunos_mazda_cosmo_drive/ |title=1993 Eunos/Mazda Cosmo Classic Drive Uncosmopolitan: Meet the Rarest Mazda in America |website=Motor Trend |date=31 January 2013 |publisher=TEN: The Enthusiast Network |access-date=2015-01-18}}</ref>
*1991: [[General Motors]] partnered with the American Automotive Association, Florida Department of Transportation, as well as the city of Orlando to create TravTek (short for Travel Technology) which was a computerized in-car navigation system. A fleet of 100 [[Oldsmobile Toronado]]s were rolled out with the system with 75 available for rent through [[Avis Car Rental|Avis']] Orlando International Airport office, the other 25 were test-driven by local drivers. A computer system was installed in the trunk of the vehicle with a special antenna mounted in the back and was hooked up to the video screen in the Oldsmobile Toronado (an option in the standard Toronado) to display the navigation. TravTek covered a 12,000 square mile area in Orlando and its metro areas, as well as contained listings for restaurants, AAA-approved hotels and attractions.<ref>{{cite web|title=GM RIDES THE SMART HIGHWAY - Chicago Tribune|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-08-31-9708310116-story.html|access-date=2021-04-28|website=www.chicagotribune.com|date=31 August 1997 }}</ref>
*1991: Toyota introduced GPS car navigation on the [[Toyota Soarer]].
*1991: Mitsubishi introduced GPS car navigation on the [[Mitsubishi Debonair]] (MMCS: Mitsubishi Multi Communication System).<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/RXd32z5vN18 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200227072657/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXd32z5vN18&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXd32z5vN18| title = Mitsubishi DEBONAIR Commercial 1991 Japan | website=[[YouTube]]| date = 16 January 2015 }}{{cbignore}}</ref>
*1992: Voice assisted GPS navigation system on the [[Toyota Celsior]].
*1993: The Austrian channel ORF airs a presentation of the software company bitMAP and its head Werner Liebig's invention, an electronic city map including street names and house numbers, using a satellite-based navigation system. bitMAP attends Comdex in Las Vegas the same year, but doesn't manage to market itself properly.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bod.de/buchshop/mit-falschen-karten-werner-liebig-9783746075310 |title=Mit falschen Karten |publisher=Bod.de |date= |accessdate=2022-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url-status = dead| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7TAivxqKUQ| website = [[YouTube]]| title = BitMAP on TV (ORF) ZIB1 - YouTube| access-date = 2018-09-12| archive-date = 2020-02-27| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200227212701/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7TAivxqKUQ&gl=US&hl=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at/Bitmap_Digital_City_Map|title=Bitmap Digital City Map|website=www.geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at}}</ref>
*1994: BMW 7 series [[BMW 7 Series (E38)|E38]] first European model featuring GPS navigation. The navigation system was developed in cooperation with [[Philips]] (Philips CARIN).<ref>{{cite web|title=20 JAHRE NAVIGATION Was ist aus ihnen geworden?|url=http://www.auto-motor-und-sport.de/testbericht/20-jahre-navigation-was-ist-aus-ihnen-geworden-8398683.html|website=auto-motor-und-sport.de/|date=15 July 2014 |access-date=4 May 2017}}</ref>
*1995: [[Oldsmobile]] introduced the first GPS navigation system available in a United States production car, called GuideStar.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jesda.com/2012/01/11/how-in-dash-navigation-worked-in-1992-olds-was-first/ |title=How In-Dash Navigation Worked In 1992 – Olds Was First |work=jesda.com/ |access-date=2015-01-19}}</ref>  The navigation system was developed in cooperation with [[Zexel]]. Zexel partnered with [[Avis Car Rental]] to make the system widely available in rental cars.  This provided many in the United States general public with their first opportunity to use car navigation.
*1995: Device called "Mobile Assistant" or short, MASS, produced by Munich-based company ComRoad AG, won the title "Best Product in Mobile Computing" on CeBit by magazine Byte. It offered [[turn-by-turn navigation]] via wireless internet connection, with both GPS and speed sensor in the car. 
*1995: [[Acura]] introduced the first [[hard disk drive]]-based navigation system in the 1996 [[Acura RL|RL]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://hondanews.com/channels/acura-automobiles/archive/1995/releases/1996-acura-3-5-rl-interior|title=1996 Acura 3.5 RL Interior|work=Honda Newsroom|access-date=2018-06-16|archive-date=2018-06-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616030747/http://hondanews.com/channels/acura-automobiles/archive/1995/releases/1996-acura-3-5-rl-interior|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*1997: Navigation system using [[Differential GPS]] developed as a factory-installed option on the [[Toyota Prius]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.player-top.fr/|title=Autoradio GPS Android pas cher, Caméra radar de recul - Player Top|website=player-top.fr|access-date=2016-07-18}}</ref>
*1998: First [[DVD]]-based navigation system introduced on the [[Toyota Progrès|Toyota Progres]].
*2000: The United States made a more accurate GPS signal available for civilian use.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://clinton4.nara.gov/WH/EOP/OSTP/html/0053_2.html |title=The United States' Decision to Stop Degrading Global Positioning System Accuracy |publisher=Clinton4.nara.gov |date=2000-05-01 |access-date=2009-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223203022/https://clinton4.nara.gov/WH/EOP/OSTP/html/0053_2.html |archive-date=2016-12-23 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*2003: Toyota introduced the first [[Hard disk drive]]-based navigation system and the industry's first DVD-based navigation system with a built-in [[Electronic throttle control]]
*2007: Toyota introduced Map on Demand, a technology for distributing map updates to car navigation systems, developed as the first of its kind in the world
*2008: World's first navigation system-linked [[brake assist]] function and Navigation system linked to [[Adaptive Variable Suspension]] System (NAVI/AI-AVS) on Toyota Crown
*2009: With a release of mobile navigation app from [[Sygic]] for [[iOS]] new era of a mobile device navigation systems had begun gaining in popularity since