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Autonomic neuropathy
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== Signs and symptoms == The signs and symptoms of autonomic neuropathy include the following:{{citation needed|date=September 2016}} * [[Urinary bladder]] conditions: [[bladder incontinence|urinary incontinence]] or [[urinary retention]] which happens due to the uncoordinated contraction of the bladder. [[Neurogenic bladder dysfunction|Neurogenic bladder]] is a broad term describing this dysfunction.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-05|title=Neurogenic Bladder: Overview, Neuroanatomy, Physiology and Pathophysiology|url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/453539-overview}}</ref> * [[Gastrointestinal tract]]: [[dysphagia]], [[abdominal pain]], [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[malabsorption]], [[fecal incontinence]], [[gastroparesis]], [[diarrhea]], [[constipation]] * [[Cardiovascular system]]: disturbances of heart rate ([[tachycardia]], [[bradycardia]]), [[orthostatic hypotension]], inadequate increase of heart rate on exertion * [[Respiratory system]]: impairments in the signals associated with regulation of breathing and [[gas exchange]] ([[central sleep apnea]], [[hypopnea]], [[bradypnea]]).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Vinik|first=AI|author2=Erbas, T|title=Diabetic autonomic neuropathy.|journal=Handbook of Clinical Neurology|year=2013|volume=117|pages=279–94|pmid=24095132|doi=10.1016/b978-0-444-53491-0.00022-5|isbn=9780444534910}}</ref> * [[Nervous system]]: [[pupillary defect]], exaggerated [[hippus]], [[dizziness]] or lightheadedness. * Other areas: [[hypoglycemia]] unawareness, genital [[impotence]], sweat disturbances, [[Sjögren syndrome|sicca (dryness)]]. * Absence of signs of cerebellar dysfunction, cognitive decline, or parkinsonian symptoms, as the presence of these would indicate the more serious diseases [[multiple system atrophy]] or [[lewy body dementia]].
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