Editing Avionics (section)

==History==
The term "'''avionics'''" was coined in 1949 by  [[Philip J. Klass]], senior editor at ''[[Aviation Week & Space Technology]]'' magazine as a [[portmanteau]] of "'''aviation electronics'''".<ref>{{cite web |last=McGough |first=Michael |url=http://www.skeptic.com/eskeptic/05-08-26/ |title=In Memoriam: Philip J. Klass: A UFO (Ufologist Friend's Obituary) |date=August 26, 2005 |publisher=Skeptic |access-date=April 26, 2012 |archive-date=September 22, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922191504/http://www.skeptic.com/eskeptic/05-08-26/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Dickson">{{cite book
 |last1        = Dickson
 |first1       = Paul
 |title        = A Dictionary of the Space Age
 |publisher    = JHU Press
 |date         = 2009
 |pages        = 32
 |url          = https://books.google.com/books?id=afKBvKlg0-EC&q=avionics&pg=PA32
 |isbn         = 9780801895043
 |access-date  = November 24, 2020
 |archive-date = October 1, 2021
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20211001040428/https://www.google.com/books/edition/A_Dictionary_of_the_Space_Age/afKBvKlg0-EC?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=avionics&pg=PA32&printsec=frontcover
 |url-status   = live
}}</ref>

[[Radio communication]] was first used in aircraft just prior to [[World War I]].<ref name="Telephony">{{cite journal
  | title = Directing Airplanes by Wireless
  | journal = Telephony
  | volume = 77
  | issue = 8
  | pages = 20
  | publisher = Telephony Publishing Corp.
  | location = Chicago, IL
  | date = August 23, 1919
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=0Iw_AQAAMAAJ&q=aircraft+radio+wireless&pg=RA6-PA20
  | access-date = November 24, 2020
  | archive-date = October 1, 2021
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211001040425/https://books.google.com/books?id=0Iw_AQAAMAAJ&q=aircraft+radio+wireless&pg=RA6-PA20
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref>   The first [[Airborne radio relay|airborne]] radios were in [[zeppelin]]s, but the military sparked development of light radio sets that could be carried by heavier-than-air craft, so that [[aerial reconnaissance]] biplanes could report their observations immediately in case they were shot down. The first experimental radio transmission from an airplane was conducted by the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] in August 1910. The first aircraft radios transmitted by [[radiotelegraphy]]. They required a two-seat aircraft with a second crewman who operated a [[telegraph key]] to spell out messages in [[Morse code]]. During World War I, [[amplitude modulation|AM]] voice [[two way radio]] sets were made possible in 1917 (see [[TM (triode)]]) by the development of the [[triode]] [[vacuum tube]], which were simple enough that the pilot in a single seat aircraft could use it while flying.

[[Radar]], the central technology used today in aircraft navigation and [[air traffic control]], was developed by several nations, mainly in secret, as an [[air defense]] system in the 1930s during the runup to [[World War&nbsp;II]]. Many modern avionics have their origins in World War&nbsp;II wartime developments. For example, [[autopilot]] systems that are commonplace today began as specialized systems to help bomber planes fly steadily enough to hit precision targets from high altitudes.<ref name="two" /> Britain's 1940 decision to share its radar technology with its U.S. ally, particularly the [[magnetron]] [[vacuum tube]], in the famous [[Tizard Mission]], significantly shortened the war.<ref>{{cite book | title = Most Secret War | author = Reginald Victor Jones | author-link = Reginald Victor Jones | year = 1998 | publisher = Wordsworth Editions | isbn = 978-1-85326-699-7}}</ref> Modern avionics is a substantial portion of military aircraft spending. Aircraft like the [[McDonnell Douglas F-15E Strike Eagle|F-15E]] and the now retired [[Grumman F-14 Tomcat|F-14]] have roughly 20 percent of their budget spent on avionics. Most modern [[helicopter]]s now have budget splits of 60/40 in favour of avionics.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.rotorandwing.com/2006/04/01/retro-cockpits/ |title= Rotor & Wing: Retro Cockpits |author= Douglas Nelms |date= April 1, 2006 |access-date= April 17, 2019 |archive-date= April 17, 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190417203525/https://www.rotorandwing.com/2006/04/01/retro-cockpits/ |url-status= live }}</ref>

The civilian market has also seen a growth in cost of avionics. Flight control systems ([[fly-by-wire]]) and new navigation needs brought on by tighter airspaces, have pushed up development costs. The major change has been the recent boom in consumer flying. As more people begin to use planes as their primary method of transportation, more elaborate methods of controlling aircraft safely in these high restrictive airspaces have been invented.{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}}

===Modern avionics===
Avionics plays a heavy role in modernization initiatives like the [[Federal Aviation Administration]]'s (FAA) [[Next Generation Air Transportation System]] project in the United States and the [[Single European Sky ATM Research]] (SESAR) initiative in Europe. The [[Joint Planning and Development Office]] put forth a roadmap for avionics in six areas:<ref>{{cite web
 |title=NextGen Avionics Roadmap 
 |publisher=Joint Planning and Development Office 
 |date=September 30, 2011 
 |url=http://www.jpdo.gov/library/20111005_ARM_complete_LowRes_v2.0.pdf 
 |access-date=January 25, 2012
 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417025034/http://www.jpdo.gov/library/20111005_ARM_complete_LowRes_v2.0.pdf 
 |archive-date=April 17, 2012
}}</ref>
* Published Routes and Procedures – Improved navigation and routing
* Negotiated Trajectories – Adding data communications to create preferred routes dynamically
* Delegated Separation – Enhanced situational awareness in the air and on the ground
* LowVisibility/CeilingApproach/Departure – Allowing operations with weather constraints with less ground infrastructure
* Surface Operations – To increase safety in approach and departure
* ATM Efficiencies – Improving the [[air traffic management]] (ATM) process

===Market===

The [[Aircraft Electronics Association]] reports $1.73 billion avionics sales for the first three quarters of 2017 in [[Business aviation|business]] and [[general aviation]], a 4.1% yearly improvement: 73.5% came from North America, forward-fit represented 42.3% while 57.7% were [[retrofit]]s as the U.S. deadline of January 1, 2020 for mandatory [[ADS-B]] out approach.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2017-11-20/aea-retrofits-lift-avionics-sales-through-3q |title= AEA: Retrofits Lift Avionics Sales through 3Q |author= Chad Trautvetter |date= November 20, 2017 |work= AIN |access-date= November 21, 2017 |archive-date= December 1, 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040625/https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/business-aviation/2017-11-20/aea-retrofits-lift-avionics-sales-through-3q |url-status= live }}</ref>