Editing Backcrossing (section)

==Plants==

===Advantages===
* If the recurrent parent is an elite [[genotype]], at the end of the backcrossing programme, an elite genotype is recovered.
* As no "new" [[Genetic recombination|recombination]] results, the elite combination is not lost.

===Disadvantages===
* It works poorly for [[quantitative trait]]s.
* It is more restricted for [[recessive trait]]s.
* In practice, sections of [[genome]] from the nonrecurrent parents are often still present and can have unwanted traits associated with them.
* For very wide crosses, limited recombination may maintain thousands of "alien" genes within the elite [[cultivar]].
* Many backcrosses are required to produce a new cultivar, which can take many years.

===Natural backcrossings===
York radiate groundsel (''[[Senecio eboracensis]]'') is a naturally occurring hybrid species of Oxford ragwort (''[[Senecio squalidus]]'') and common groundsel (''[[Senecio vulgaris]]''). It is thought to have arisen from a backcrossing of the F1 hybrid with ''S. vulgaris''.<ref>{{cite journal|title=A new British species, ''Senecio eboracensis'' (Asteraceae), another hybrid derivative of ''S. vulgaris'' L. and ''S. squalidae'' L |url=http://www.watsonia.org.uk/Vol24p375.pdf |journal=Watsonia |last=Abbot |first=R.J. |author2=Lowe, A.J. |year=2003 |volume=24 |pages= 375–388 |access-date=2007-07-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927221840/http://www.watsonia.org.uk/Vol24p375.pdf |archive-date=2007-09-27 }}</ref>

Again, the pure tall (TT) and pure dwarf (tt) pea plants when crossed in the parental generation, produce all heterozygote (Tt) tall pea plants in the first filial generation. The cross between first filial heterozygote tall (Tt) pea plant and pure tall (TT) or pure dwarf (tt) pea plant of the parental generation is also an example for the back-crossing between two plants. In this case, the filial generation formed after the back cross may have a phenotype ratio of 1:1 if the cross is made with recessive parent or else all offspring may be having phenotype of dominant trait if the backcross is with a parent having the dominant trait. The former of these traits is also called a test cross.

===Artificially recombinant lines===
In plants, the term inbred backcross line (IBL) refers to a [[lineage (evolution)|line]] (i.e. [[population]]) of plants derived from the repeated backcrossing of a line with artificially [[recombinant DNA]] with the [[wild type]], operating some kind of [[Selection (biology)|selection]] that can be [[phenotype|phenotypical]] or through a [[molecular marker]] (for the production of an [[introgression line]]).