Editing Bargaining (section)

== Where it takes place  ==
[[File: Haggling for sheep.jpg|thumb|[[Dongxiangs]] bargaining for sheep in China's Gansu province.]]
Haggling is associated commonly with [[bazaar|bazaars]] and other markets where centralized [[regulation]] is difficult or impossible. Both religious beliefs and regional custom may determine whether or not the sellers or buyers are willing to bargain.

=== Regional differences ===
[[File:Djerba spice market-snopek.jpg|thumb|Spice market [[Djerba]], [[Tunisia]].]]
In North America, Australia, and Europe, bargaining is typically confined to transactions involving expensive or one-of-a-kind items (automobiles, antiques, jewelry, art, [[real estate]], trade sales of businesses) and informal sales settings such as [[flea market]]s and [[garage sale]]s. In other regions of the world, bargaining may be the norm, even for small commercial transactions.

In [[Indonesia]] and elsewhere in Asia, locals haggle for goods and services everywhere from street markets to hotels. Even children learn to haggle from a young age. Participating in that tradition can make foreigners feel accepted.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/travel/blog/20101122-travelwise-the-art-of-haggling|title=The art of haggling|first=Suemedha|last=Sood|access-date=10 September 2016}}</ref> On the other hand, in [[Thailand]], haggling seems to be softer than the other countries due to Thai culture, in which people tend to be humble and avoiding of [[Argument|arguments]].<ref>Putthiwanit, C. & Santipiriyapon, S. (2015). Apparel bargaining attitude and bargaining intention (intention to re-bargain) driven by culture of Thai and Chinese consumers, Journal of Community Development and Life Quality, 3(1), 57–67 [http://202.29.13.46/journal/uploads/article/179/93/7.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630085405/http://202.29.13.46/journal/uploads/article/179/93/7.pdf|date=2015-06-30}}</ref> However, haggling for food items is strongly discouraged in Southeast Asia and is considered an insult, because food is seen as a common necessity that is not to be treated as a tradable good.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adventurehowto.com/travel/how-to-haggle|title=How to Haggle in Southeast Asia|date=21 July 2011|access-date=10 September 2016}}</ref>

In almost all large complex business negotiations, a certain amount of bargaining takes place. One simplified 'western' way to decide when it's time to bargain is to break negotiation into two stages: creating value and claiming value. Claiming value is another phrase for bargaining. Many cultures take offense when they perceive the other side as having started bargaining too soon. This offense is usually as a result of their wanting to first create value for longer before they bargain together. The Chinese culture, by contrast, places a much higher value on taking time to build a business relationship before starting to create value or bargain. Not understanding when to start bargaining has ruined many an otherwise positive business negotiation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.negotiations.com/questions/negotiate-chinese/|title=Chinese Negotiation - Negotiation Experts|access-date=10 September 2016}}</ref>

In areas where bargaining at the retail level is common, the option to bargain often depends on the presence of the store's owner.  A chain store managed by clerks is more likely to use fixed pricing than an independent store managed by an owner or one of the owner's trusted employees.{{cn|date=July 2023}}