Editing Baybars II (section)

==Background==
[[File:Double page from the Sultan Baybars Qur'an. Sura Al-Fatiha (BL Add Ms 22406, ff.2v-3r).jpg|thumb|Double-page with the chapter [[Al-Fatiha]] from the [[Qur'an]] manuscript commissioned by Baybars in 1304. [[British Library]]]]
He was a [[Circassians|Circassian]] Mamluk of Sultan [[Qalawun]] and served at the court of Qalawun's Sons [[Al-Ashraf Khalil]] and [[Al-Nasir Muhammad]]. He became an [[Emir]] (a prince) then a Jashnakir.<ref>''Jashnakir'' جاشنكير was an important function at the Sultan's court. A Jashnakir tasted the food of the Sultan to assure it was poison free.</ref> During the second reign of Sultan Al-Nasir Mohammed from 1299 to 1309 he was the Vice-Sultan of Egypt. In 1302 he took part in suppressing a rebellion in upper Egypt and in 1303 he was a commander in the Egyptian army that defeated the Mongols led by [[Kutlushah|Qutlugh-Shah]] at the [[Battle of Shaqhab]].

In 1302, the [[Mamluk Sultanate|Mamluk]] army of Sultan [[al-Nasir Muhammad]] crushed a [[Bedouin]] rebellion in [[Upper Egypt]] and ''"slew mercilessly every Bedouin in the land and carried off their women captive"''. G. W. Murray said that ''"This drastic solution of the Bedouin question removed the pure Arab descendants of the Conquerors from the scene and so enabled the Beja to preserve themselves as an African race practically uninfluenced by Arab blood, while leaving the desert edges of Upper Egypt free for settlement by the Western Bedouin."''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Murray |first1=G. W. |title=Sons Of Ishmael: A Study of the Egyptian Bedouin |date=1935 |publisher=George Routledge & Sons, ltd. |location=London |page=29 |url=https://archive.org/details/SonsOfIshmael/page/n43/mode/2up}}</ref> The army was led by the [[Oirats|Oirat]] [[Mongol]] Mamluk [[Sayf al-Din Salar]] and Circassian Mamluk al-Baibars al-Jashnakir (Beibars).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Muir |first1=Sir William |title=The Mameluke |date=1896 |publisher=Smith, Elder & Company |page=57 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aaE2AAAAMAAJ&dq=%22slew+mercilessly+every+bedouin+in+the+land+and+carried+off+their+women+captive%22&pg=PA57}}</ref>