Editing Bazaar (section)

== Terminology ==

=== Bazaar ===
[[File:Sanandaj Bazaar.jpg|thumb|Bazaar in [[Sanandaj]], Iran]]
The origin of the word "bazaar" comes from [[New Persian]] ''bāzār'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=bazaar|title=bazaar - Origin and meaning of bazaar by Online Etymology Dictionary|website=www.etymonline.com|access-date=29 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="Ayto2009">{{cite book|first=John|last=Ayto|title=Word Origins|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hsRISNLSSHAC&pg=PT104|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4081-0160-5|page=104}}</ref> from [[Middle Persian]] ''wāzār'',<ref name="Daryaee2012">{{cite book|last=Daryaee|first=Touraj|title=The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jxd2Zr9Ilw8C&pg=PA8|date=16 February 2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-973215-9|page=8}}</ref> from [[Old Persian]] ''wāčar'',<ref>{{cite web|title=Bazaar|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bazaar|publisher=Dictionary.com, LLC|access-date=11 March 2015}}</ref> from [[Proto-Indo-Iranian language|Proto-Indo-Iranian]] ''*wahā-čarana''.<ref name="BenvenisteLallot1973">{{cite book |last1=Benveniste |first1=Émile |last2=Lallot |first2=Jean |title=Indo-European Language and Society |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kvawAAAAIAAJ |date=1 January 1973 |publisher=University of Miami Press |isbn=978-0-87024-250-2 |chapter=Chapter Nine: Two Ways of Buying |chapter-url=http://chs.harvard.edu/CHS/article/display/3900 |at=Section Three: Purchase}}</ref> The term spread from Persian into Arabic, now used throughout the Middle East and in the Indian subcontinent.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |date=2024-04-06 |title=bazaar |url=https://www.britannica.com/money |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=Britannica Money |language=en}}</ref>

In North American and Europe, the English word "bazaar" can denote more generically a shop or market selling miscellaneous items. It can also refer in particular to a sale or [[fair]] to raise money for [[charitable]] purposes (e.g. [[charity bazaar]]).<ref>{{Cite web |title=bazaar |url=https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/bazaar |access-date=25 May 2024 |website=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Bazaar |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/bazaar |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=Merriam-Webster Dictionary |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6" />

=== Souk ===
[[File:PS-Amman 6501.JPG|thumb|Souk in [[Amman]], Jordan]]
The word "souk" in the Arabic-speaking world is roughly equivalent to "bazaar".<ref name=":0522" /> The Arabic word is a loan from [[Aramaic]] "šūqā" ("street, market"), itself a loanword from the [[Akkadian (language)|Akkadian]] "sūqu" ("street").<ref>{{Cite book |last=Corriente |first=Federico |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N_hAzIqriakC&dq=arabic+suq+etymology&pg=PA25 |title=Dictionary of Arabic and Allied Loanwords: Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Galician and Kindred Dialects |publisher=Brill |year=2008 |isbn=978-90-04-16858-9 |pages=25 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Huehnergard |first=John |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hyU9EAAAQBAJ&dq=arabic+souk+etymology&pg=PA1506 |title=History of the Akkadian Language (2 vols) |publisher=Brill |year=2021 |isbn=978-90-04-44521-5 |editor-last=Vita |editor-first=Juan-Pablo |volume=2 |pages=1506 |language=en |chapter=The Legacy of Akkadian}}</ref> The Arabic word ''{{Transliteration|ar|sūq}}'' was then borrowed into English via French ({{Lang|fr|souk}}) by the 19th century.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harper |first=Douglas |title=Etymology of souk |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/souk |access-date=2024-05-25 |website=Online Etymology Dictionary |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Staff |first1=Press Boulevard Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0t5ZAAAAMAAJ |title=The Oxford Essential Dictionary of Foreign Terms in English |last2=Press |first2=Oxford University |last3=Staff |first3=Oxford University Press |date=1999 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-425-16995-7 |language=en |chapter=souk}}</ref> The English word can also be spelled "suq" or "souq".<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hamza |first=Neveen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wah6EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT20 |title=Architecture and Urban Transformation of Historical Markets: Cases from the Middle East and North Africa |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-000-64546-0 |pages=2 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Waite |first=Maurice |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mYicAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA695 |title=Paperback Oxford English Dictionary |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-19-964094-2 |pages=695 |language=en}}</ref>

In [[Modern Standard Arabic]] the term {{Transliteration|ar|al-sūq}} refers to markets in both the physical sense and the abstract [[economics|economic]] sense (e.g., an Arabic-speaker would speak of the ''{{Transliteration|ar|sūq}}'' in the old city as well as the ''{{Transliteration|ar|sūq}}'' for oil, and would call the concept of the [[free market]] {{Lang|ar|السوق الحرّ}}, {{Transliteration|ar|as-sūq al-ḥurr}}).

In [[Israel]], the term ''shuk'' or ''shuq'' ({{Langx|he|שׁוּק|translit=šūq}}) shares a common [[Aramaic]] origin with the [[Arabic]] ''souk'', and holds a prominent role in everyday life.{{Citation needed|date=May 2024|reason=citation needed in particular to verify etymology of the Hebrew word}} Markets such as [[Mahane Yehuda Market|Mahane Yehuda]] in [[Jerusalem]] are often covered rows of stalls much like those seen elsewhere in the region, selling produce, spices, [[halvah]], and even clothing.

==== Variations ====

In northern Morocco, the Spanish corruption ''socco'' is often used as in the [[Grand Socco]] and [[Petit Socco]] of [[Tangier]]s.<ref>{{Cite book |last= |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=voh5EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT228 |title=DK Eyewitness Morocco |publisher=DK |year=2022 |isbn=978-0-7440-8192-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Shoemake |first=Josh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S7iKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT61 |title=Tangier: A Literary Guide For Travellers |publisher=I.B. Tauris |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-85773-376-4 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rivière |first=Paul-Louis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DGAQAQAAIAAJ |title=Villes et solitudes: croquis d'Europe et d'Afrique |publisher=Plon, Nourrit et Cie |year=1908 |location=Paris |pages=219 |language=fr |quote=Socco est l'altération espagnole du mot arabe souk (...)}}</ref>

[[File:Mahane Yehuda (I) (45298221191).jpg|thumb|[[Mahane Yehuda Market|Shuk Mahane Yehuda]], a popular ''shuk'' in [[Jerusalem]], often simply called ''the Shuk'' ({{Langx|he|השוק|translit=ha-Šūq}})]]