Editing Benign tumor (section)

==Signs and symptoms==
Benign tumors are very diverse; they may be asymptomatic or may cause specific symptoms, depending on their anatomic location and tissue type. They grow outward, producing large, rounded masses which can cause what is known as a "mass effect". This growth can cause compression of local tissues or organs, leading to many effects, such as blockage of ducts, reduced blood flow ([[ischaemia]]), tissue death ([[necrosis]]) and nerve pain or damage.<ref name="ISBN 0-443-10101-9">{{cite book |title=Ross and Wilson anatomy and physiology in health and illness |vauthors=Wilson KA, Waugh A, Chambers G, Grant A, Ross J |publisher=Churchill Livingstone |year=2006 |isbn=0-443-10101-9 |location=Edinburgh |pages=53–54}}</ref> Some tumors also produce hormones that can lead to life-threatening situations. [[Insulinoma]]s can produce large amounts of insulin, causing [[hypoglycemia]].<ref name="pmid1665409">{{cite journal | vauthors = Marks V, Teale JD | title = Tumours producing hypoglycaemia | journal = Diabetes/Metabolism Reviews | volume = 7 | issue = 2 | pages = 79–91 | date = June 1991 | pmid = 1665409 | doi = 10.1002/dmr.5610070202 | s2cid = 19272145 }}</ref><ref name="pmid16253900">{{cite journal | vauthors = Grant CS | title = Insulinoma | journal = Best Practice & Research. Clinical Gastroenterology | volume = 19 | issue = 5 | pages = 783–798 | date = October 2005 | pmid = 16253900 | doi = 10.1016/j.bpg.2005.05.008 }}</ref> [[Pituitary adenoma]]s can cause elevated levels of hormones such as [[growth hormone]] and [[insulin-like growth factor-1]], which cause [[acromegaly]]; [[prolactin]]; [[ACTH]] and [[cortisol]], which cause [[Cushing's disease]]; [[Thyroid-stimulating hormone|TSH]], which causes [[hyperthyroidism]]; and [[Follicle-stimulating hormone|FSH]] and [[Luteinizing hormone|LH]].<ref name="ISBN 92-832-2416-7">{{cite book | vauthors = Eng C, DeLellis RA, Lloyd RV, Heitz PU |title=Pathology and genetics of tumours of endocrine organs|publisher=IARC Press |location=Lyon |year=2004 |isbn=92-832-2416-7 }}</ref> Bowel [[intussusception (medical disorder)|intussusception]] can occur with various benign colonic tumors.<ref name="pmid11588539">{{cite journal | vauthors = Gill SS, Heuman DM, Mihas AA | title = Small intestinal neoplasms | journal = Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology | volume = 33 | issue = 4 | pages = 267–282 | date = October 2001 | pmid = 11588539 | doi = 10.1097/00004836-200110000-00004 }}</ref> Cosmetic effects can be caused by tumors, especially those of the skin, possibly causing psychological or social discomfort for the person with the tumor.<ref name="pmid15953143">{{cite journal | vauthors = Tromberg J, Bauer B, Benvenuto-Andrade C, Marghoob AA | title = Congenital melanocytic nevi needing treatment | journal = Dermatologic Therapy | volume = 18 | issue = 2 | pages = 136–150 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15953143 | doi = 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2005.05012.x | s2cid = 20915929 | doi-access = free }}</ref> [[vascular tumor|Vascular tissue tumors]] can bleed, in some cases leading to [[anemia]].<ref name = "zuberandharder1">{{cite book| vauthors = Zuber M, Harder F |title=Benign tumors of the colon and rectum|year=2001|publisher=Surgical Treatment: Evidence-Based and Problem-Oriented.|location=Munich: Zuckschwerdt|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK6994/}}</ref>