Editing Bermuda Triangle (section)

==Origins==
[[File:Bermuda_Triangle_map_17_Sept_1950.png|thumb|Map that was published in various newspapers<!--not all newspapers that ran the article included the map with it--> with the [[Associated Press]] article of 17 September 1950]]

The earliest suggestion of unusual disappearances in the Bermuda area appeared in an article written by Edward Van Winkle Jones of the ''[[Miami Herald]]'' that was distributed by the [[Associated Press]] and appeared in various American newspapers on 17 September 1950.<ref name="Jones,1950">{{cite news |url=http://www.physics.smu.edu/pseudo/BermudaTriangle/evwjones.html |title=Same Big World: Sea's Puzzles Still Baffle Men In Pushbutton Age |agency=[[Associated Press]] |first=E.V.W. |last=Jones |date=16 September 1950 |via=physics.smu.edu}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/arizona-daily-star-air-sea-mysteries-sh/137796829/ |title=Air, Sea Mysteries Show It Is Still a Big World |agency=[[Associated Press]] |newspaper=[[Arizona Daily Star]] |location=[[Tucson, Arizona]] |page=10B |date=17 September 1950 |access-date=31 December 2023 |via=newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/battle-creek-enquirer-unsolved-disappear/137797249/ |title=Unsolved Disappearances: Mysteries of Air, Sea Remind Moderns Shrinking World Still Swallows Up Men |agency=[[Associated Press]] |newspaper=[[Battle Creek Enquirer]] |location=[[Battle Creek, Michigan]] |page=II-2 |date=17 September 1950 |access-date=31 December 2023 |via=newspapers.com}}</ref>

Two years later, ''[[Fate (magazine)|Fate]]'' magazine published "Sea Mystery at Our Back Door": a short article, by George X. Sand, that was the first to lay out the now-familiar triangular area where the losses took place.<ref name=Sand/> Sand recounted the loss of several planes and ships since World War II: the disappearance of ''Sandra'', a [[tramp steamer]];{{efn|''Sandra'' disappeared in April 1950; a wreck consistent with its size and cargo was discovered in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/1492251/bermuda-triangle-discovery-missing-ship-sandra-found-flight-19-mystery-spt |title=Bermuda Triangle: 'Major discovery' as missing 200-foot ship with 'bizarre cargo' found |website=[[Daily Express]] |location=London |date=17 September 2021 |access-date=11 January 2024}}</ref>}} the December 1945 loss of [[Flight 19]], a group of five US Navy [[torpedo bomber]]s on a training mission; the January 1948 disappearance of ''[[BSAA Star Tiger disappearance|Star Tiger]]'', a [[British South American Airways]] (BSAA) passenger airplane; the March 1948 disappearance of a fishing [[skiff]] with three men, including jockey [[Albert Snider]];{{efn|Sand's article refers to jockey Albert Snider as Al Snyder, and includes this disappearance although it occurred southwest of Miami in [[Florida Bay]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-calgary-albertan-details-of-jockeys/138497139/ |title=Details of Jockey's Disappearance Add to Mystery Surrounding Event |newspaper=[[The Calgary Albertan]] |page=10 |date=16 March 1948 |access-date=11 January 2024 |via=newspapers.com}}</ref>}} the December 1948 disappearance of an [[1948 Airborne Transport DC-3 disappearance|Airborne Transport DC-3]] charter flight en route from Puerto Rico to Miami; and the January 1949 disappearance of ''[[BSAA Star Ariel disappearance|Star Ariel]]'',{{efn|Sand's article refers to ''Star Ariel'' as ''Aerial''.}} another BSAA passenger airplane.<ref name=Sand>{{cite journal |last=Sand |first=George X. |date=October 1952 |issue=31 |pages=11–17 |title=Sea Mystery at Our Back Door |journal=[[Fate (magazine)|Fate]]}}</ref>

Flight 19 was covered again in the April 1962 issue of ''The American Legion Magazine''.<ref name="Eckert,1962" >{{cite magazine |title=The Mystery of The Lost Patrol |magazine=The American Legion Magazine |author=Allen W. Eckert |date=April 1962}} Cited in [[James R. Lewis (scholar)|James R. Lewis]] (editor), ''Satanism Today: An Encyclopedia of Religion, Folklore, and Popular Culture'', page 72, segment by [[Jerome Clark]] (ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2001). {{ISBN|1-57607-292-4}}</ref><ref name=AmLegion/> In it, author [[Allan W. Eckert]] wrote that the flight leader had been heard saying, "We cannot be sure of any direction ... everything is wrong ... strange ... the ocean doesn't look as it should."<ref name=AmLegion>{{cite magazine |url=https://archive.org/details/americanlegionma724amer/page/12/mode/2up |magazine=The American Legion Magazine |title=The Mystery of the Lost Patrol |first=Allan W. |last=Eckert |author-link=Allan W. Eckert |pages=12–13, 39–41 |date=April 1962 |volume=72 |number=4 |access-date=31 December 2023 |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref> In February 1964, [[Vincent Gaddis]] wrote an article called "The Deadly Bermuda Triangle" in ''[[Argosy (magazine)|Argosy]]'' saying Flight 19 and other disappearances were part of a pattern of strange events in the region, dating back to at least 1840.<ref name="Gaddis,1964">{{cite magazine |last=Gaddis |first=Vincent |title=The Deadly Bermuda Triangle |magazine=[[Argosy (magazine)|Argosy]] |year=1964 |url=https://www.physics.smu.edu/~pseudo/BermudaTriangle/vincentgaddis.txt |via=physics.smu.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Regal |first=Brian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c6PACQAAQBAJ |title=Pseudoscience: A Critical Encyclopedia |date=15 October 2009 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-313-35508-0 |pages=36–38 |language=en |chapter=Bermuda Triangle}}</ref> The next year, Gaddis expanded this article into a book, ''Invisible Horizons''.<ref name="Gaddis,1965">{{cite book |author=Gaddis |first=Vincent |title=Invisible Horizons |year=1965 |publisher=[[Chilton Company]] |asin=B0088JSBII}}</ref>

Other writers elaborated on Gaddis' ideas, including John Wallace Spencer (''Limbo of the Lost'', 1969, repr. 1973);<ref name="ReferenceA">[[#Spencer, 1969|Spencer, 1969]].</ref> [[Charles Berlitz]] [[The Bermuda Triangle (book)|(''The Bermuda Triangle'', 1974)]];<ref name="ReferenceB">[[#Berlitz, 1974|Berlitz, 1974]].</ref> and [[Richard Winer]] (''The Devil's Triangle'', 1974).<ref name="Winer, 1974">{{harvnb|Winer|1974}}</ref> Various of these authors incorporated supernatural elements.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-12789881_ITM |title=Strange fish: the scientifiction of Charles F. Berlitz, 1913–2003 |last=Hagen |first=L. Kirk |journal=Skeptic |location=Altadena, CA |date=March 2004| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071109201602/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-12789881_ITM| archive-date=9 November 2007 |via=[[Wayback Machine]]}}</ref>

===Triangle area===
Sand's article in ''Fate'' described the area as "a watery triangle bounded roughly by [[Florida]], [[Bermuda]] and [[Puerto Rico]]".<ref name=Sand/>{{rp|12}} The ''Argosy'' article by Gaddis further delineated the boundaries,<ref name="Gaddis,1964"/> giving its [[Vertex (geometry)|vertices]] as [[Miami]], [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]], and Bermuda. Subsequent writers did not necessarily follow this definition.<ref name="navy,1996">{{cite web |title=Frequently Asked Questions: Bermuda Triangle Fact Sheet |year=1998 |url=http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/Reading_Room/UFO/195.pdf |publisher=US Department of Defense |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121111220/http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/Reading_Room/UFO/195.pdf |archive-date=21 November 2016}}</ref> Some writers gave different boundaries and vertices to the triangle, with the total area varying from {{convert|1.3|to|3.9|e6km2|abbr=unit}}.<ref name=navy,1996/> "Indeed, some writers even stretch it as far as the [[Ireland|Irish coast]]," according to a 1977 BBC program.<ref name="NOVA,1976">{{cite episode |series=[[Nova (American TV program)|NOVA]] / [[Horizon (UK TV series)|Horizon]] |title=The Case of the Bermuda Triangle |airdate=27 June 1976 |network=PBS |url=https://archive.org/details/caseofthebermudatrianglereel1}}</ref> Consequently, the determination of which accidents occurred inside the triangle depends on which writer reported them.<ref name=navy,1996/>