Editing Biosensor (section)

==Biosensor system==

A biosensor typically consists of a bio-receptor (enzyme/antibody/cell/nucleic acid/aptamer), transducer component (semi-conducting material/nanomaterial), and [[electronic system]] which includes a [[signal amplifier]], processor & display.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kaur |first1=Harmanjit |last2=Shorie |first2=Munish |title=Nanomaterial based aptasensors for clinical and environmental diagnostic applications |journal=Nanoscale Advances |doi=10.1039/C9NA00153K |volume=1 |year=2019 |issue=6 |pages=2123–2138|pmid=36131986 |pmc=9418768 |bibcode=2019NanoA...1.2123K |doi-access=free }}</ref> Transducers and electronics can be combined, e.g., in [[CMOS]]-based microsensor systems.<ref name="A1">A. Hierlemann, O. Brand, C. Hagleitner, H. Baltes, "Microfabrication techniques for chemical/biosensors", ''Proceedings of the IEEE'' 91 (6), 2003, 839–863.</ref><ref name="A2">A. Hierlemann, H. Baltes, "CMOS-based chemical microsensors", ''The Analyst'' 128 (1), 2003, pp. 15–28.</ref> The recognition component, often called a bioreceptor, uses biomolecules from organisms or receptors modeled after biological systems to interact with the analyte of interest. This interaction is measured by the biotransducer which outputs a measurable signal proportional to the presence of the target analyte in the sample. The general aim of the design of a biosensor is to enable quick, convenient testing at the point of concern or care where the sample was procured.<ref name="Highly sensitive and wide-dynamic-r"/><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.clemson.edu/c3b/biosensorsPrimer.html |title= Biosensors Primer |author= <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |access-date= 28 January 2013 |archive-date= 2 January 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170102201924/http://www.clemson.edu/c3b/biosensorsPrimer.html |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Dincer|first1=Can|last2=Bruch|first2=Richard|last3=Kling|first3=André|last4=Dittrich|first4=Petra S.|last5=Urban|first5=Gerald A.|date=August 2017|title=Multiplexed Point-of-Care Testing – xPOCT|journal=Trends in Biotechnology|volume=35|issue=8|pages=728–742|doi=10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.03.013|pmc=5538621|pmid=28456344}}</ref>