Editing Biotechnology (section)

==Definition==
{{TopicTOC-Biology}}

The concept of biotechnology encompasses a wide range of procedures for [[genetic engineering|modifying]] living [[organism]]s for human purposes, going back to [[domestication]] of animals, cultivation of plants, and "improvements" to these through breeding programs that employ artificial selection and [[hybrid (biology)|hybridization]]. Modern usage also includes genetic engineering, as well as [[cell culture|cell]] and [[tissue culture]] technologies. The [[American Chemical Society]] defines ''biotechnology'' as the application of biological organisms, systems, or processes by various industries to learning about the [[list of life sciences|science of life]] and the improvement of the value of materials and organisms, such as pharmaceuticals, crops, and [[livestock]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_ARTICLEMAIN&node_id=1188&content_id=CTP_003377&use_sec=true&sec_url_var=region1&__uuid=5a1c54a6-ff5a-4f69-84c1-763835d11162 |title=Biotechnology |publisher=[[American Chemical Society]] |website=portal.acs.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107072612/http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true |archive-date=November 7, 2012 |access-date=2013-03-20}}</ref> As per the [[European Federation of Biotechnology]], biotechnology is the integration of natural science and organisms, cells, parts thereof, and molecular analogues for products and services.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nvsrochd.gov.in/s_club/biology/ch11_bilas.pdf |title=BIOTECHNOLOGY-PRINCIPLES & PROCESSES |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807020753/http://nvsrochd.gov.in/s_club/biology/ch11_bilas.pdf |archive-date=August 7, 2015 |access-date=2014-12-29}}</ref> Biotechnology is based on the [[basic research|basic]] [[biology|biological sciences]] (e.g., [[molecular biology]], [[biochemistry]], [[cell biology]], [[embryology]], [[genetics]], [[microbiology]]) and conversely provides methods to support and perform basic research in biology.{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}
[[File:Tissue engineering english.jpg|thumb|alt=A visual representation of tissue engineering principles, demonstrating the creation of functional tissues using a combination of engineering and biological concepts|Principles of Tissue Engineering]]

Biotechnology is the [[research and development]] in the [[laboratory]] using [[bioinformatics]] for exploration, extraction, exploitation, and production from any [[living organisms]] and any source of [[biomass]] by means of [[biochemical engineering]] where high value-added products could be planned (reproduced by [[biosynthesis]], for example), forecasted, formulated, developed, manufactured, and marketed for the purpose of sustainable operations (for the return from bottomless initial investment on R & D) and gaining durable patents rights (for exclusives rights for sales, and prior to this to receive national and international approval from the results on animal experiment and human experiment, especially on the [[pharmaceutical]] branch of biotechnology to prevent any undetected side-effects or safety concerns by using the products).<ref>[https://archive.today/20130414170840/http://www.europabio.org/what-biotechnology What is biotechnology?]. Europabio. Retrieved on March 20, 2013.</ref><ref>[http://www.oecd.org/science/innovationinsciencetechnologyandindustry/49303992.pdf Key Biotechnology Indicators (December 2011)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108080057/http://www.oecd.org/science/innovationinsciencetechnologyandindustry/49303992.pdf |date=November 8, 2012 }}. oecd.org</ref><ref>[http://www.oecd.org/sti/biotechnologypolicies/keybiotechnologyindicators.htm "Biotechnology policies" – Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120831071244/http://www.oecd.org/sti/biotechnologypolicies/keybiotechnologyindicators.htm |date=August 31, 2012 }}. Retrieved on March 20, 2013.</ref> The utilization of biological processes, [[organism]]s or systems to produce products that are anticipated to improve human lives is termed biotechnology.<ref>{{Cite book |title=History, scope and development of biotechnology |publisher=IOPscience |date=May 2018 |doi=10.1088/978-0-7503-1299-8ch1 |doi-access=free |language=en |last1=Goli |first1=Divakar |last2=Bhatia |first2=Saurabh |isbn=978-0-7503-1299-8 }}</ref>

By contrast, [[bioengineering]] is generally thought of as a related field that more heavily emphasizes higher systems approaches (not necessarily the altering or using of biological materials ''directly'') for interfacing with and utilizing living things. Bioengineering is the application of the principles of [[engineering]] and natural sciences to tissues, cells, and molecules. This can be considered as the use of knowledge from working with and manipulating biology to achieve a result that can improve functions in plants and animals.<ref>[http://www.bionewsonline.com/k/what_is_bioengineering.htm What Is Bioengineering?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123084548/http://www.bionewsonline.com/k/what_is_bioengineering.htm |date=January 23, 2013 }}. Bionewsonline.com. Retrieved on March 20, 2013.</ref> Relatedly, [[biomedical engineering]] is an overlapping field that often draws upon and applies ''biotechnology'' (by various definitions), especially in certain sub-fields of biomedical or [[chemical engineering]] such as [[tissue engineering]], [[pharmaceutical engineering|biopharmaceutical engineering]], and [[genetic engineering]].{{citation needed|date=May 2024}}