Editing Bonelli's eagle (section)

==Taxonomy==
Bonelli's eagle was described in 1822 by French ornithologist [[Louis Pierre Vieillot]]. The common name Bonelli's eagle is for the collector of the type specimen, [[Franco Andrea Bonelli]].<ref name=Beolens2003/><ref name= Aimassi/> Bonelli's eagle is a member of the [[Aquilinae]] or booted eagles, a [[monophyletic]] subfamily of the accipitrid family. At least 38 species are currently housed in the subfamily, all with signature well-feathered tarsi.<ref name="Lerner">{{Cite journal |last1=Lerner |first1=Heather |last2=Christidis |first2=Les |last3=Gamauf |first3=Anita |last4=Griffiths |first4=Carole |last5=Haring |first5=Elisabeth |last6=Huddleston |first6=Christopher J. |last7=Kabra |first7=Sonia |last8=Kocum |first8=Annett |last9=Krosby |first9=Meade |last10=KvaløY |first10=Kirsti |last11=Mindell |first11=David |last12=Rasmussen |first12=Pamela |last13=RøV |first13=Nils |last14=Wadleigh |first14=Rachel |last15=Wink |first15=Michael |date=2017-01-09 |title=Phylogeny and new taxonomy of the Booted Eagles (Accipitriformes: Aquilinae) |url=https://www.mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.4216.4.1 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4216 |issue=4 |pages=zootaxa.4216.4.1 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4216.4.1 |pmid=28183111 |issn=1175-5334|hdl=11250/2443953 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Väli |first=ü. |date=October 2002 |title=Mitochondrial pseudo-control region in old world eagles (genus Aquila ) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01578.x |journal=Molecular Ecology |language=en |volume=11 |issue=10 |pages=2189–2194 |doi=10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01578.x |pmid=12296960 |bibcode=2002MolEc..11.2189V |s2cid=45783670 |issn=0962-1083|url-access=subscription }}</ref> The [[African hawk-eagle]] (''Aquila spilogaster'') was once [[Lumpers and splitters#Lumping and splitting in biology|lumped]] with Bonelli's eagle, with most accounts until about the 1990s listing the species as monotypical.<ref name= Ferguson-Lees/><ref name= Brown/><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Amadon |first=Dean |date=1982 |title=The Genera of Booted Eagles: Aquila and Relatives |url=http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jyio1952/14/2-3/14_2-3_108/_article |journal=Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology |volume=14 |issue=2–3 |pages=108–121 |doi=10.3312/jyio1952.14.108 |issn=1883-3659 |doi-access=free}}</ref> However, several morphological differences between the two species, life history discrepancies and their considerably [[Allopatric speciation|allopatric distribution]] lead them to being considered separate species. Despite the differences between Bonelli's eagle and the African hawk-eagle the two species are visibly similar and are still considered [[Species complex|sister species]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=del Hoyo |first=Josep |title=Handbook of birds of the world. Vol. 2. New World vultures to guineafowl |date=1994 |isbn=978-84-87334-15-3 |editor-last=del Hoyo |editor-first=Josep |series=Handbook of the birds of the world / hrsg. von Josep del Hoyo, Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal |pages=199}}</ref><ref>Simmons, R.E. (2005). ''African Hawk-Eagle Aquila spilogaster''. Pp. 533-534 in P.A.R. Hockey, W.R.J. Dean, and P.G. Ryan (eds.), ''Roberts Birds of Southern Africa. 7th ed''. Trustees of the John Voelcker Bird Book Fund, Cape Town, South Africa.</ref> However, genetic studies have indicated that they are not closely related relative to other species pairs of the booted eagle subfamily.<ref>Wink, M., & Sauer-Gürth, H. (2004). ''Phylogenetic relationships in diurnal raptors based on nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial and nuclear marker genes''. Raptors worldwide, 483–498.</ref> Recent [[DNA]] research resulted in the two species being moved, in 2014,<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021" /> to the genus ''[[Aquila (genus)|Aquila]]'' from ''[[Hieraaetus]]'', along with another dissimilar species, the [[Cassin's hawk-eagle]] (''Aquila africana'').<ref name= Helbig>{{cite journal |last1=Helbig |first1=A.J. |last2=Kocum |first2=A. |last3=Seibold |first3=I. |last4=Braun |first4=M.J. |year=2005 |title=''A multi-gene phylogeny of aquiline eagles (Aves: Accipitriformes) reveals extensive paraphyly at the genus level'' |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=147–164 |url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/6276/2005B_Helbig_et_al.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2004.10.003 |pmid=15737588|bibcode=2005MolPE..35..147H }}</ref><ref>Clark, W. S. (2012). ''The eagle genus Hieraaetus is distinct from Aquila, with comments on the name Ayres' Eagle''. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 132, 295-298.</ref><ref>Crochet, P. A., Raty, L., De Smet, G., Anderson, B., Barthel, P. H., Collinson, J. M., & Knox, A. G. (2010). ''AERC TAC's taxonomic recommendations''.</ref> More specifically and surprisingly, Bonelli's, African hawk- and Cassin's hawk-eagles were found to be genetically closely related to the [[golden eagle]] (''Aquila chrysaetos'') [[species complex]], which also includes [[Verreaux's eagle]] (''Aquila verreauxii''), [[Gurney's eagle]] (''Aquila gurneyi'') and [[wedge-tailed eagle]] (''Aquila audax''). These species are all conspicuously larger than Bonelli's and African hawk-eagles with differing proportions to their wings, tail and legs (in adaptation to their open country habits) and much darker coloured plumages. Furthermore, the four other traditional members of the genus ''[[Aquila (genus)|Aquila]]'' have been revealed to be a separate [[species complex]] despite showing superficial similarity to the golden eagle group, i.e. being relatively large and long winged with usually dark colouring.<ref name= Lerner/><ref name= Helbig/><ref name= Watson>{{cite book|author=Watson, Jeff |title=''The Golden Eagle''|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aj5MNvCkun0C|year=2010|publisher=A&C Black|isbn=978-1-4081-1420-9}}</ref><ref name= Lerner2>{{cite journal |last1=Lerner |first1=H.R.L. |first2=D.P. |last2=Mindell |year=2005 |title=''Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA'' |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=327–346 |url=http://www-personal.umich.edu/~hlerner/LernerMindell2005Proofs.pdf |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.010 |pmid=15925523 |bibcode=2005MolPE..37..327L |access-date=2006-12-27 |archive-date=2008-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080411094354/http://www-personal.umich.edu/~hlerner/LernerMindell2005Proofs.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Beyond the nominate subspecies of Bonelli's eagle, which is found throughout its range in Eurasia, a second subspecies dwells in the [[Lesser Sunda Islands]], ''A. f. renschi''. The latter race is linearly smaller, and compared to other Bonelli's eagles tends to have more strikingly barred remiges and tail, the belly, thighs and crissum more boldly marked. At one time, its restricted and very isolated range have caused authors to suggest ''A. f. renschi'' may be a full species but recent studies have indicated that it is not genetically distinct enough to be considered a separate species. Furthermore, the most recent analysis couldn't rule out early introductions (possibly by ancient [[Falconry|falconers]]) at least playing a part in the species presence in the Lesser Sundas, as some other established wild birds on those islands are certain to have reached there by early human introductions.<ref name= Ferguson-Lees/><ref name="Trainor">{{Cite journal |last1=Trainor |first1=Colin |last2=Debus |first2=S. J S |last3=Olsen |first3=Gerald |last4=Norman |first4=Janette |last5=Christidis |first5=Les |date=2013 |title=Bonelli's Eagle Aquila fasciata renschi in the Lesser Sundas, Wallacea: distribution, taxonomic status, likely origins and conservation status |url=http://orientalbirdclub.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Bonellis-Eagle.pdf |journal=Forktail |volume=29 |pages=100–106 |issn=0950-1746}}</ref>