Editing Brenda Milner (section)

==Early life and education==
Brenda Langford was born on 15 July 1918, in [[Manchester]], England.<ref name=Distinguished>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1037/h0020147| title = Distinguished Scientific Contribution Awards for 1973| journal = American Psychologist| volume = 29| pages = 27–43| year = 1974| last1 = No Authorship Indicated}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.psych.ualberta.ca/~gcpws//Milner/Biography/Milner_bio1.html|title=Dr. Brenda Milner - Biography|website=The Great Canadian Psychology Website|series=Milner_bio1.html|publisher=Worth Publishers|access-date=2016-06-20}}</ref> Her father [[Samuel Langford]] was a musical critic, journalist, and teacher, and her mother (née Leslie Doig) was one of his students.<ref name=":1" /> Though she was a daughter to two musically talented parents, she had no interest in music.<ref name=":1" /> She was tutored by her father in [[mathematics]] and the [[arts]] until the age of 8."<ref name=":1" /> She attended [[Withington Girls' School]],<ref name=":0" /> which led her to attend [[Newnham College, Cambridge]],<ref name="Distinguished" /> to study mathematics, having received a scholarship in 1936.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.psych.ualberta.ca/~gcpws//Milner/Biography/Milner_bio2.html|title=Dr. Brenda Milner - Biography|website=The Great Canadian Psychology Website|series=Milner_bio2.html|publisher=Worth Publishers|access-date=2016-06-20}}</ref> However, after realising she was not "perceptive" enough for mathematics, Milner changed her field of study to psychology.<ref name=Distinguished/> In 1939, Milner graduated with a B.A. degree in [[experimental psychology]],<ref name=Distinguished/> which at that time was considered a [[moral sciences|moral science]].<ref name=":2" />

One of her supervisors in the Department of Experimental Psychology, Cambridge was [[Oliver Zangwill]] and to him she owed her first interest in human brain function,<ref name=Distinguished/> and the value of studying [[brain lesion]]s.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.psych.ualberta.ca/~gcpws//Milner/Biography/Milner_bio3.html |title=Dr. Brenda Milner: Biography|website=The Great Canadian Psychology Website |publisher=Worth Publishers |access-date=2016-06-20 |page=3}}</ref>

After her graduation near the time of World War II Newnham College awarded her a Sarah Smithson Research Studentship, which allowed her to attend Newnham for the following two years.<ref name=Distinguished/> As a result of World War II, the work of the Cambridge Psychological Laboratory, under Bartlett's leadership, was diverted almost overnight to applied research in the selection of aircrew.<ref name=Distinguished/> Milner's position was to devise perceptual tasks for future use in selecting aircrew. More specifically, she was on a team interested in distinguishing [[fighter pilot]]s from [[bomber pilot]]s using [[aptitude tests]].<ref name="medical news"/><ref name=Distinguished/><ref name=":3" /> "Later in the war, from 1941 to 1944, she worked in Malvern as an Experimental Officer for the Ministry of Supply, investigating different methods of display and control to be used by radar operators."<ref name=":0" /><ref name=Distinguished/>

In 1941 Brenda met her husband, [[Peter Milner]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.psych.ualberta.ca/~gcpws//Milner/Biography/Milner_bio4.html |title=Dr. Brenda Milner: Biography |website=The Great Canadian Psychology Website |publisher=Worth Publishers|access-date=2016-06-20 |page=4}}</ref> Both Brenda and her husband were working on radar research. He was an electrical engineer who had also been recruited for the war effort.<ref name=":4" /> In 1944, they married and left for Canada where Peter had been invited to work with physicists on atomic research.<ref name=Distinguished/><ref name=":4" /> They travelled to Boston on the ship the Queen Elizabeth together with "war brides" who were travelling to the United States to live with their husbands' families during the war. Upon arrival in Canada, she began teaching psychology at the University of Montreal, where she stayed for 7 years.

In 1949, Brenda Milner graduated with a M.A. in experimental psychology in Cambridge.<ref>{{Cite web|title=McGill University Staff|url=https://www.mcgill.ca/neuro/about/brenda-milner|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916050907/https://www.mcgill.ca/neuro/about/brenda-milner |archive-date=September 16, 2020 }}</ref> In Montreal, she became a Ph.D. candidate in physiological psychology at [[McGill University]], under the direction of [[Donald Olding Hebb]].<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ordre-national.gouv.qc.ca/membres/membre.asp?id=126|title=Brenda Milner|website=Membres de l'Ordre national du Québec|publisher=Gouvernement du Québec|language=fr|access-date=2012-01-01}}</ref> While working on her Ph.D., Milner and Hebb presented research on their patient P.B. who had undergone a medial temporal lobectomy and had subsequent memory impairment. This garnered the attention of [[Wilder Penfield]]. In 1950, Hebb gave Milner an opportunity to study with him at the Montreal Neurological Institute.<ref name=Distinguished/><ref name=":4" /> Under the supervision of Penfield, she studied the behaviour of young adult [[Epilepsy|epileptic patients]] treated with [[Elective surgery|elective]] focal ablation of brain tissue to treat uncontrolled seizures.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5" /> In 1952, Milner earned her Ph.D. in experimental psychology<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.psych.ualberta.ca/~gcpws//Milner/Biography/Milner_bio5.html|title=Dr. Brenda Milner - Biography|website=The Great Canadian Psychology Website|series=Milner_bio5.html|publisher=Worth Publishers|access-date=2016-06-20}}</ref> with a thesis on the cognitive effects of temporal lobe damage in man.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/-?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123923&silo_library=GEN01|title=Intellectual effects of temporal-lobe damage in man.| last=Milner| first=Brenda| date=1952| website=Digitool.library |access-date=15 September 2016 }}</ref> Milner has been awarded a large number of honorary degrees including an honorary Sc.D from the University of Cambridge in 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brenda Milner List of Awards and Degrees.|url=https://www.mcgill.ca/neuro/about/brenda-milner/awards-and-honours-brenda-milner|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803155908/https://www.mcgill.ca/neuro/about/brenda-milner/awards-and-honours-brenda-milner |archive-date=August 3, 2020 }}</ref>