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Brethren of the Common Life
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==Cornerstones== The four cornerstones of the Brethren were * contempt of the world and of self ({{langx|la|contemptus mundi et sui ipsius}}), * imitation of the lowly life of Christ ({{langx|la|imitatio humilis vitae Christi}}), * good-will ({{langx|la|bona voluntas}}), and * the grace of devoutness ({{langx|la|gratia devotionis}}.) <ref name=SW>{{cite book |last1=Duffield |first1=Samuel Willoughby |title=The Latin Hymn-writers and Their Hymns |date=13 June 2017 |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/54903 |language=English}}</ref>{{rp|283}} The Confraternity of the Common Life were in many ways similar to the [[Beghard]] and [[Beguine]] communities which had flourished two centuries earlier but were by then declining. Its members took no vows and neither asked nor received alms; their first aim was to cultivate the interior life, and they worked for their daily bread. The ''antifraternal'' insistence on work distinguishes the Brethren from mendicant (begging) friars; they were attacked by mendicant theologians at the [[Council of Constance]] for not having mainstream formal vows initially, but were successfully defended by [[Pierre d'Ailly]] and [[Jean Gerson]].<ref name=SW/>
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