Editing Brian Fargo (section)

==Biography==

===Early life===
A descendant of the family that created the banking giants [[Wells Fargo]] and [[American Express]], Fargo was born in [[Long Beach, California]], and grew up in [[Whittier, California|Whittier]] and [[Newport Beach, California|Newport Beach]]. The only child of Frank Byron Fargo and Marie Curtis Fargo, he attended [[Corona del Mar High School]], where he participated in [[track and field]] and developed a desire to create video games after his parents bought him an [[Apple II]] computer in 1977.<ref name="famhistory" />

Brian Fargo wrote his first video game, ''Labyrinth of Martagon'', with his friend [[Michael Cranford]] while still in high school.<ref name=Craddock>{{cite web |last1=Craddock |first1=David |title=Gamasutra: David Craddock's Blog - "Stay Awhile and Listen - Book I" Bonus Chapter: An Interview with Brian Fargo |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/blogs/DavidCraddock/20131030/203681/quotStay_Awhile_and_Listen__Book_Iquot_Bonus_Chapter_An_Interview_with_Brian_Fargo.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107072233/http://www.gamasutra.com/blogs/DavidCraddock/20131030/203681/quotStay_Awhile_and_Listen__Book_Iquot_Bonus_Chapter_An_Interview_with_Brian_Fargo.php |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 7, 2013 |website=[[Gamasutra]] |date=2013-10-30 |access-date=2016-10-17}}</ref>  The team's first widely distributed game was the graphical text adventure ''[[The Demon's Forge]]'', which Brian self-published and guerilla marketed in 1981 (and was later re-released by Boone Corporation).<ref name="famhistory" /><ref name=Craddock /><ref>{{MobyGames|id=/demons-forge|name=''The Demon's Forge''}}</ref>  In 1982, 
''[[Softline (magazine)|Softline Magazine]]'' printed a letter from Fargo asking how [[On-Line Systems]] stored graphics in its [[graphic adventure]] ''[[The Wizard and the Princess]]''.<ref name="fargo198201">{{cite news | url=http://www.cgwmuseum.org/galleries/index.php?year=1982&pub=6&id=3 | title=Packing Pictures, Saving Shapes | work=Softline | date=January 1982 | access-date=13 July 2014 | author=Fargo, Brian | type=letter | pages=2}}</ref> During this time period, he also wrote educational games for the ''[[World Book Encyclopedia]]''.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}}

===Interplay===
In 1983, Fargo founded [[Interplay Entertainment|Interplay Productions]] prior to landing his first contract in 1983 with [[Activision]] for ''Mindshadow'',<ref>{{MobyGames|id=/mindshadow|name=''Mindshadow''}}</ref> a graphical text adventure game for the [[Apple II]] and [[Commodore 64]]. After the release of ''Mindshadow'', Fargo hired an old high school friend and started work to create a role-playing game ''[[The Bard's Tale (1985 video game)|Bard's Tale]]'' for the Apple II and C64 for a then-new publisher [[Electronic Arts]]. Fargo subsequently co-designed Interplay's early RPGs, including the critically acclaimed ''[[Wasteland (video game)|Wasteland]]'',<ref name="fallhistory">{{cite web |url=http://retro.ign.com/articles/948/948937p1.html |title=IGN Presents The History of Fallout |first=Rus |last=McLaughlin |date=July 21, 2010 |work=IGN |access-date=25 August 2010}}</ref> where a character named Faran Brygo is a play on his name.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://me.ign.com/en/feature/18379/the-origin-of-fallout|title=The Origin of Fallout|date=December 12, 2013|access-date=November 21, 2015|website=IGN}}</ref>

Interplay at the time was utilizing small development teams of one to three people to produce games for other companies to publish, which only allowed Interplay to break even at best. In 1988, Fargo decided to make the transition from a development house to a developer/publisher, adding the additional costs of production and marketing, with both the risk and possible reward of publishing successful games. The first title produced by Interplay in this era was the internally developed ''[[Battle Chess]]'', followed by [[Quicksilver Software]]'s ''[[Castles (video game)|Castles]]''. The company was also experimenting at the time with new ideas and products such as ''[[Neuromancer (video game)|Neuromancer]]'', a video game version of the novel by [[William Gibson]].

By 1992, Interplay contracted with an old friend of Fargo's, [[Allen Adham]], and his partner, [[Michael Morhaime]],<ref name="fantastic">{{cite web |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=25264 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120911164551/http://www.gamasutra.com/php-bin/news_index.php?story=25264 |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 11, 2012 |title=GDC Austin: How Fantastic Contraption Became A Fantastic Hit |first=Simon |last=Carless |date=September 15, 2009 |work=[[Gamasutra]] |access-date=25 August 2010}}</ref> to create ''[[RPM Racing]]''. This was Adham and Morhaime's first contract to produce a game as [[Silicon & Synapse]] and was one of the first of such finds for Fargo, who had an eye for recognizing talent in small development teams.<ref name="gsinterview">{{cite web |url=http://www.gamespot.com/news/2848761.html?tag=result%3Btitle%3B2 |title=GameSpot Interview with Brian Fargo |author=Trey Walker |date=February 9, 2002 |work=[[GameSpot]] |access-date=25 August 2010}}</ref> Adham and Morhaime eventually changed the name of their company to [[Blizzard Entertainment]], future developer of the ''[[Warcraft]]'', ''[[StarCraft]]'' and ''[[Diablo (series)|Diablo]]'' franchises.

Interplay continued to expand in the mid-1990s, adding licensed titles to its own [[intellectual properties]] such as ''[[Stonekeep]]'', by acquiring rights to the original ''[[Star Trek]]'' and creating a series of its adaptations. Fargo also continued to find talented small developers designing innovative games. One was [[Parallax Software]], whose demo game eventually became the hit game ''[[Descent (video game)|Descent]]''. Parallax, later renamed [[Volition (company)|Volition]], was eventually bought by [[THQ]]. In 1994, [[Universal Music Group|Universal/MCA]] bought a 45% stake in Interplay, which later went public in 1998.<ref name=ie>[http://www.inxile-entertainment.com/about inXile entertainment] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713051838/http://www.inxile-entertainment.com/about |date=July 13, 2011 }}</ref>

Interplay grew to over 600 employees at its zenith in the mid-1990s. One of the most successful groups within Interplay was formed during this period, [[Black Isle Studios|Black Isle]]. Black Isle focused on role-playing games and eventually included the games of a new developer called [[BioWare]], which was initially contracted by Interplay to make ''[[Shattered Steel]]''. The next game they developed for Interplay, through the Black Isle division, was ''[[Baldur's Gate (video game)|Baldur's Gate]]'', which proved to be a big hit, followed by others, such as ''[[Icewind Dale]]'' and the critically acclaimed ''[[Planescape: Torment]]''.

In 1996, the company expanded again, adding a division focusing on sports games called VR Sports and buying [[Shiny Entertainment]]. Fargo's goal in the acquisition of Shiny was to help Interplay transition into the [[video game console|console]] business, in addition to its successful PC game releases. That same year, ''[[Computer Gaming World]]'' ranked Fargo as the third most influential "industry player" of all time, as he "has shown both brilliant product vision and great business talents."<ref>''CGW'' 148: "The 15 Most Influential Industry Players of All Time".</ref>

In 1998, Interplay filed for an [[initial public offering]] (IPO) of stock to fund future development and retire debt the company held. At the time, the market for IPOs had started to slow from the boom years of the early and mid-1990s, yet the need for capital drove Fargo to file the offering. Increased competition, less than stellar returns on Interplay’s sports division and the lack of console titles forced the company to seek additional funding two years later with an investment from [[Titus Software]], a Paris-based game company. In 1999, the relationship between Fargo and majority shareholder Titus deteriorated, according to Fargo, due to a "different ideology of management".<ref name="gsinterview" /> In 2000, Titus exercised a majority control of Interplay, and as a result, Fargo resigned his position with the company.

In addition to his work at Interplay, Fargo also formed an online entertainment company Engage! with partner [[SoftBank]] in 1996, and sat on the board of [[Virgin Group|Virgin Europe]] in 1998.<ref name=ie/>

===InXile Entertainment===
After leaving Interplay, Fargo looked to find outlets for his creative drive and founded [[inXile Entertainment]] in 2002, a video game developer and publisher that includes many former Interplay employees. The name inXile sprang from a joke for his post-Interplay career: initially, Fargo gave himself the title of "leader-in-exile" at the company.<ref name="rpgcodex.net">{{cite web |url=http://www.rpgcodex.net/article.php?id=80 |title=Brian Fargo dev chat log |date=October 15, 2003 |access-date=September 7, 2014}}</ref>

InXile Entertainment released a new ''[[The Bard's Tale (2004 video game)|Bard's Tale]]'' as one of its first titles, released by [[Vivendi Universal Games]], but has found success in a new category of downloadable games, such as ''[[Line Rider]]'' and ''[[Fantastic Contraption (2008 video game)|Fantastic Contraption]]''.<ref name="fantastic" /> The company also developed a major title for [[Bethesda Softworks]], ''[[Hunted: The Demon's Forge]]''.<ref>
{{cite web |url=http://kotaku.com/5493655/hunted-the-demons-forge-a-dungeon-crawl-for-the-gears-age |title=Hunted: The Demon's Forge, A Dungeon Crawl For The Gears Age |author= Michael McWhertor |date=March 15, 2010 |work=Kotaku|access-date=25 August 2010}}</ref>

In 2012, inspired by the success of ''[[Double Fine Adventure]]''{{'}}s fan funded model, Fargo announced that he was going to attempt to fan-fund ''[[Wasteland 2]]'' using the webservice [[Kickstarter]]. The project's fundraising campaign reached its $900,000 funding goal in its second day and Fargo said hopes that all of his future projects involve Kickstarter as it "offers all the freedoms that a developer hopes for."<ref name="gamestar.ru">{{cite web |url=http://gamestar.ru/article/1908.html |title=GameStar: Knights of the Roleplaying Table. Brian Fargo. |date=May 5, 2012 |access-date=May 14, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712234458/http://gamestar.ru/article/1908.html |archive-date=July 12, 2012 }}</ref> The ''[[Wasteland 2]]'' Kickstarter campaign ended on April 17, 2012, raising a total of $2,933,252, making it the [[Kickstarter#Top projects by funds raised|third highest]] crowd funded video game on Kickstarter to date, with an additional $107,152 in [[PayPal]] pledges.<ref name="gamestar.ru"/><ref>{{cite web | url = http://wasteland.inxile-entertainment.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=22&t=1654 | title = Wasteland 2 Kickstarter Drive ends, $3.04M raised | publisher = Wasteland.inxile-entertainment.com | date = April 17, 2012 | access-date = March 7, 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120723103739/http://wasteland.inxile-entertainment.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=22&t=1654 | archive-date = July 23, 2012 | url-status = dead }}</ref> The Kickstarter campaign was documented in the documentary, [[Capital C]]. 

On March 6, 2013, Fargo followed through on his promise to fund future projects through Kickstarter and launched ''[[Torment: Tides of Numenera]]'', described as "a story-driven CRPG crafted in the tradition of ''Planescape: Torment'' and set in the world of Monte Cook's Numenera."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/inxile/torment-tides-of-numenera |title= Torment: Tides of Numenera |author= inXile Entertainment |date=March 6, 2013|access-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref> The project reached its goal of $900,000 in just six hours and went on to break the Kickstarter record for fastest project to reach $1 million. The previous record had been held by the [[Ouya]] video game console which reached $1 million in 8 hours 22 minutes; ''Torment'' reached this amount in less than seven hours.<ref>{{cite news |last= Chapple |first= Craig |url=http://www.develop-online.net/news/43453/Record-shattering-Torment-Kickstarter-breaks-1m-in-six-hours |title= Record shattering Torment Kickstarter breaks $1m in six hours |newspaper= develop |date=March 6, 2013 |access-date=March 7, 2013}}</ref>

In May 2015 Fargo revealed The Bard's Tale IV and his intentions to launch a Kickstarter for it on June 2, 2015. It is a direct continuation of that story from the previous [[The Bard's Tale (1985 video game)|The Bard's Tale games.]]<ref>[http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2015/05/18/bards-tale-4/ Brian Fargo On Bringing Back The Bard's Tale]</ref> The Kickstarter concluded on July 10, 2015 with a final pledge total of $1,519,681 USD and 33,741 backers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/inxile/the-bards-tale-iv|title=The Bard's Tale IV|website=Kickstarter|access-date=November 21, 2015}}</ref>

In March 2017, Fargo had announced his plans to retire from inXile following the release of ''Wasteland 3''.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2017-03-23-inxile-boss-brian-fargo-plans-to-retire-after-wasteland-3-ships | title= inXile boss Brian Fargo plans to retire after Wasteland 3 ships | first= Wesley | last= Yin-Poole | date = March 23, 2017 | access-date = November 19, 2018 | work = [[Eurogamer]] }}</ref> However, in November 2018, [[Microsoft Studios]] announced their intention to buy inXile and make the studio a subsidiary. Because this would provide the studio with significantly more resources, Fargo stated he no longer plans to retire but instead will continue to lead the company.<ref name="eg ms acq">{{cite web |url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2018-11-19-inxile-acquired-by-microsoft-the-interview |title=InXile acquired by Microsoft: the interview |first=Robert |last=Purchese |date=19 November 2018 |website=[[Eurogamer]]}}</ref>

===Robot Cache===
Fargo announced the founding of [[Robot Cache]], a new digital games storefront for personal computer games expected to go live in Q2 2018. Robot Cache will deliver games via [[blockchain]]s which can be decrypted or re-encrypted through the service; this will effectively allow players to buy and sell digital games without publishers fearing that the original owner can retain a copy after selling. This allows the service to ensure a higher percentage of each game sale goes back to the publisher; publishers are set to receive 95% of original game sales, and 70% of used game sales.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.pcgamer.com/robot-cache-is-a-blockchain-based-platform-that-will-let-you-buy-and-sell-games-online/ | title = Robot Cache is an upcoming digital storefront that will let you buy and sell games online | first=  Andy | last= Chalk | date = January 16, 2018 | access-date = January 16, 2018 | work = [[PC Gamer]] }}</ref> While the site will accept normal forms of payment, it will also use a new [[cryptocurrency]] called Iron, which users will receive when reselling games and can be applied towards the purchase of new or used games.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://venturebeat.com/2018/01/16/brian-fargo-will-launch-blockchain-currency-for-alternative-digital-game-store/ | title = Brian Fargo will launch blockchain currency for alternative digital game store | first = Dean | last = Takahashi | date = January 16, 2018 | access-date = January 16, 2018 | work = [[Venture Beat]] }}</ref>

===Others===
Fargo was a founder member of the board of advisors for [[Fig (company)|Fig]], a mixed investment/crowdfunding platform, since its launch in December 2015.<ref name="gibiz interview">{{Cite web | url = http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2015-12-14-a-peek-under-tim-schafers-fig-leaf | title = A peek under Tim Schafer's Fig leaf | first=  Brendan | last=  Sinclair | work = [[GamesIndustry.biz]] | date = December 14, 2015 | access-date = December 15, 2015 }}</ref> As part of his involvement, he used Fig to crowdfund development of ''Wasteland 3''. With inXile's purchase by Microsoft Studios, Fargo plans to remain on the board to help determine which games that Fig should support, but otherwise does not plan to use Fig for funding.<ref name="eg ms acq"/>