Editing Brook trout (section)

==Taxonomy==
The scientific name of the brook trout is ''Salvelinus fontinalis''.<ref name=":6" /> Initially, the brook trout was scientifically described as ''Salmo fontinalis'' by the naturalist [[Samuel Latham Mitchill]] in 1814.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Skip |date=2020-12-17 |title=Introducing The First Fish: Bob Mallard on ''Salmo fontinalis''; brook trout |url=https://flylifemagazine.com/introducing-the-first-fish-bob-mallard-on-salmo-fontinalis-brook-trout/ |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=Fly Life Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> The species was later moved to the char genus ''[[Salvelinus]]'', which in North America also includes the [[lake trout]], [[bull trout]], [[Dolly Varden trout|Dolly Varden]], and the [[Arctic char]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Whiteley |first1=Andrew R |last2=Penaluna E |first2=Brooke |last3=Taylor |first3=Eric B |last4=Weiss |first4=Steve |last5=Abadia-Cardoso |first5=Alicia |last6=Gomez-Uchida |first6=Daniel |last7=Koizumi |first7=Itsuro |last8=Trotter |first8=Patrick |date=2019 |title=Trout and Char: Taxonomy, Systematics, and Phylogeography |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339747655 |journal=ResearchGate}}</ref><ref name=":7" /> The specific epithet "''fontinalis''" comes from the Latin for "of a spring or fountain", in reference to the clear, cold streams and ponds in its native habitat.<ref>{{Cite web |last=DCNR |date=2018-08-24 |title=Wild About Native Trout! |url=https://www.dcnr.pa.gov/GoodNatured/pages/Article.aspx?post=54 |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=Good Natured |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":32" />

===Subspecies===
There is little recognized systematic substructure in the brook trout, but the two subspecies have been proposed. The [[aurora trout]] (''S.&nbsp;f.&nbsp;timagamiensis'') is a subspecies native to two lakes in the [[Temagami]] District of [[Ontario]], Canada.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.brooktrout.ca/aurora-trout.pdf |title=Recovery Strategy for the Aurora trout (''Salvelinus fontinalis timagamiensis'') in Canada |publisher=Fisheries and Oceans Canada |date=July 2006 |author=Aurora trout Recovery Team (ATRT) |access-date=2014-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304195457/http://www.brooktrout.ca/aurora-trout.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-04 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[silver trout]] (''S.&nbsp;agassizii'' or ''S.&nbsp;f.&nbsp;agassizii)'' is an [[extinct]] trout species or subspecies last seen in [[Dublin Pond]], [[New Hampshire]], in 1930.<ref>{{cite iucn |author=World Conservation Monitoring Centre |date=1996 |title=''Salvelinus agassizii '' |volume=1996 |page=e.T19873A9089084 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T19873A9089084.en |access-date=13 November 2021}}</ref> It is considered by fisheries biologist [[Robert J. Behnke]] as a highly specialized form of brook trout.<ref name=BehnkeBrooktrout.>{{cite book |last=Behnke |first=Robert J. |author-link=Robert J. Behnke |others=Tomelleri, Joseph R. (illustrator) |title=Trout and Salmon of North America |publisher=The Free Press |isbn=0-7432-2220-2 |year=2002 |pages=275–280 |chapter=Brook Trout ''Salvelinus fontinalis'' }}</ref>

===Hybrids===
[[File:TigerTrout2.jpg|thumb|alt=Photo of four trout lying in grass|Tiger trout (top three), splake (bottom)]]
The brook trout produces [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]]s both with its [[congener (biology)|congener]]s the [[lake trout]] (S.''&nbsp;namaycush'') and the [[Arctic char]] (''S.&nbsp;alpinus''), and intergeneric hybrids with the [[brown trout]] (''Salmo trutta'').<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dunham |first1=Rex |title=Aquaculture and Fisheries Biotechnology: Genetic Approaches |date=2004 |publisher=CABI Publishing |isbn=0851999530 |location=Wallingford |page=42}}<!--|access-date=20 November 2014--></ref>

The [[splake]] is an intrageneric hybrid between the brook trout and [[lake trout]] (''S.&nbsp;namaycush''). Although uncommon in nature, they are artificially propagated in substantial numbers for stocking into brook trout or lake trout habitats.<ref>{{cite web |title=Splake |url=http://www.maine.gov/ifw/fishing/species/identification/splake.htm |access-date=2013-01-06 |publisher=Maine Department of Inland Fisheries|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140107053231/http://www.maine.gov/ifw/fishing/species/identification/splake.htm|archive-date=January 7, 2014}}</ref> Although they are [[Fertility|fertile]], back-crossing in nature is behaviorally problematic and very little natural reproduction occurs. [[Splake]] grow more quickly than brook trout, become [[Piscivore|piscivorous]] sooner, and are more tolerant of competitors than brook trout.<ref>{{cite web |title=NAS - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species ''Salvelinus fontinalis x namaycush'' |url=https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=940 |access-date=2014-01-06 |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey}}</ref>

The [[tiger trout]] is an intergeneric hybrid between the brook trout and the brown trout. Tiger trout rarely occur naturally but are sometimes artificially [[Hatchery#Fish hatcheries|propagated]]. Such crosses are almost always reproductively [[infertility|sterile]]. They are popular with many fish-stocking programs because they can grow quickly, and may help keep coarse fish (wild non "sport" fish) populations in check due to their highly piscivorous (fish-eating) nature.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tiger trout |url=http://www.utahfishinginfo.com/utahfish/tigertrout.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060528023009/http://www.utahfishinginfo.com/utahfish/tigertrout.php |url-status=usurped |archive-date=May 28, 2006 |access-date=2014-05-28 |publisher=UtahFishingInfo.com - Utah Fishing Information}}</ref>

The sparctic char is an intrageneric hybrid between the brook trout and the Arctic char.<ref name="NOBANIS" />