Editing C++ (section)

==History==
[[File:BjarneStroustrup.jpg|thumb|Bjarne Stroustrup, the creator of C++, in his AT&T New Jersey office, {{circa|2000}}]]

In 1979, [[Bjarne Stroustrup]], a Danish [[computer scientist]], began work on "{{visible anchor|C with [[Class (computer programming)|Classes]]}}", the predecessor to C++.<ref name="invention3">{{cite web|url = http://www.stroustrup.com/bs_faq.html#invention|title = Bjarne Stroustrup's FAQ: When was C++ invented?|first = Bjarne|last = Stroustrup|website = stroustrup.com|date = 7 March 2010|access-date = 16 September 2010|archive-date = 6 February 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160206214150/http://www.stroustrup.com/bs_faq.html#invention|url-status = live}}</ref> The motivation for creating a new language originated from Stroustrup's experience in programming for his PhD thesis. Stroustrup found that [[Simula]] had features that were very helpful for large software development, but the language was too slow for practical use, while [[BCPL]] was fast but too low-level to be suitable for large software development. When Stroustrup started working in [[AT&T Bell Labs]], he had the problem of analyzing the [[Unix|UNIX]] [[Kernel (operating system)|kernel]] with respect to [[distributed computing]]. Remembering his PhD experience, Stroustrup set out to enhance the [[C (programming language)|C]] language with Simula-like features.<ref name="evolving">{{cite web|url = http://stroustrup.com/hopl-almost-final.pdf|title = Evolving a language in and for the real world: C++ 1991-2006|first = Bjarne|last = Stroustrup|access-date = 14 August 2013|archive-date = 20 November 2007|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071120015600/http://www.research.att.com/~bs/hopl-almost-final.pdf|url-status = live}}</ref> C was chosen because it was general-purpose, fast, portable, and widely used. In addition to C and Simula's influences, other languages influenced this new language, including [[ALGOL 68]], [[Ada (programming language)|Ada]], [[CLU (programming language)|CLU]], and [[ML (programming language)|ML]].{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}

Initially, Stroustrup's "C with Classes" added features to the C compiler, Cpre, including [[class (computer programming)|classes]], [[derived class]]es, [[strong and weak typing|strong typing]], [[inlining]], and [[default argument]]s.<ref name="hopl2">{{cite web|last1=Stroustrup|first1=Bjarne|title=A History of C ++ : 1979− 1991|url=http://www.stroustrup.com/hopl2.pdf|access-date=18 July 2013|archive-date=2 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202050609/http://www.stroustrup.com/hopl2.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:20160121 CppFRUG Joel Falcou CppQuiz 3.jpg|thumb|left|A quiz on C++11 features being given in Paris in 2015]]
In 1982, Stroustrup started to develop a successor to C with Classes, which he named "C++" (<syntaxhighlight lang="C++" inline>++</syntaxhighlight> being the [[increment operator]] in C) after going through several other names. New features were added, including [[virtual function]]s, function name and [[operator overloading]], [[reference (C++)|reference]]s, constants, type-safe free-store memory allocation (new/delete), improved type checking, and BCPL-style single-line comments with two forward slashes (<syntaxhighlight lang="C++" inline>//</syntaxhighlight>). Furthermore, Stroustrup developed a new, standalone compiler for C++, [[Cfront]].

In 1984, Stroustrup implemented the first stream input/output library. The idea of providing an output operator rather than a named output function was suggested by [[Douglas McIlroy|Doug McIlroy]]<ref name="history-cpp-paper"/> (who had previously suggested [[pipeline (Unix)|Unix pipes]]).

In 1985, the first edition of ''[[The C++ Programming Language]]'' was released, which became the definitive reference for the language, as there was not yet an official standard.<ref name="1st-edition3">{{cite web|url = http://www.stroustrup.com/1st.html|title = The C++ Programming Language|edition = First|first = Bjarne|last = Stroustrup|access-date = 16 September 2010|archive-date = 9 August 2012|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120809032136/http://www.stroustrup.com/1st.html|url-status = live}}</ref> The first commercial implementation of C++ was released in October of the same year.<ref name="invention3"/>

In 1989, C++ 2.0 was released, followed by the updated second edition of ''The C++ Programming Language'' in 1991.<ref name="2nd-edition3">{{cite web|url = http://www.stroustrup.com/2nd.html|title = The C++ Programming Language|edition = Second|first = Bjarne|last = Stroustrup|access-date = 16 September 2010|archive-date = 9 August 2012|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120809032141/http://www.stroustrup.com/2nd.html|url-status = live}}</ref> New features in 2.0 included multiple inheritance, abstract classes, static member functions, [[const correctness|const member functions]], and protected members. In 1990, ''The Annotated C++ Reference Manual'' was published. This work became the basis for the future standard. Later feature additions included [[template (programming)|template]]s, [[exception handling|exceptions]], [[namespaces]], new [[cast (computer science)|cast]]s, and a [[Boolean type]].

In 1998, C++98 was released, standardizing the language, and a minor update ([[C++03]]) was released in 2003.

After C++98, C++ evolved relatively slowly until, in 2011, the [[C++11]] standard was released, adding numerous new features, enlarging the standard library further, and providing more facilities to C++ programmers. After a minor {{nowrap|[[C++14]]}} update released in December 2014, various new additions were introduced in [[C++17]].<ref name="herbsutter.com">{{cite web |url=https://herbsutter.com/2016/06/30/trip-report-summer-iso-c-standards-meeting-oulu/ |title=Trip report: Summer ISO C++ standards meeting (Oulu) |last=Sutter |first=Herb |website=herbsutter.com |date=30 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008031743/https://herbsutter.com/2016/06/30/trip-report-summer-iso-c-standards-meeting-oulu/ |archive-date=8 October 2016 |quote=the next standard after C++17 will be C++20}}</ref> After becoming finalized in February 2020,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG21/docs/papers/2019/n4817.pdf|title=N4817: 2020 Prague Meeting Invitation and Information|last=Dusíková|first=Hana|date=2019-11-06|access-date=2020-02-13|archive-date=29 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229102449/http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2019/n4817.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> a draft of the C++20 standard was approved on 4 September 2020, and officially published on 15 December 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=Current Status |url=https://isocpp.org/std/status |website=isocpp.org |access-date=7 September 2020 |archive-date=8 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200908083135/https://isocpp.org/std/status |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=C++20 Approved -- Herb Sutter |url=https://isocpp.org/blog/2020/09/cpp20-approved-herb-sutter |website=isocpp.org |access-date=8 September 2020 |archive-date=11 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200911150359/https://isocpp.org/blog/2020/09/cpp20-approved-herb-sutter |url-status=live }}</ref>

On January 3, 2018, Stroustrup was announced as the 2018 winner of the [[Charles Stark Draper Prize]] for Engineering, "for conceptualizing and developing the C++ programming language".<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.nae.edu/177355.aspx |title=Computer Science Pioneer Bjarne Stroustrup to Receive the 2018 Charles Stark Draper Prize for Engineering |publisher=National Academy of Engineering |date=3 January 2018 |access-date=14 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180103190112/https://www.nae.edu/177355.aspx |archive-date=3 January 2018}}</ref>

In December 2022, C++ ranked third on the [[TIOBE index]], surpassing [[Java (programming language)|Java]] for the first time in the history of the index. {{As of|2024|November}}, the language ranks second after [[Python (programming language)|Python]], with Java being in third.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/|title=TIOBE Index for November 2024|author=TIOBE|date=November 2024|website=TIOBE.com|publisher=TIOBE Company|access-date=18 November 2024|archive-date=18 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241118090936/https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Etymology===
According to Stroustrup, "the name signifies the evolutionary nature of the changes from C."<ref name="name">{{cite web |url=http://www.stroustrup.com/bs_faq.html#name |title=Bjarne Stroustrup's FAQ&nbsp;– Where did the name "C++" come from? |access-date=16 January 2008 |archive-date=6 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206214150/http://www.stroustrup.com/bs_faq.html#name |url-status=live }}</ref> This name is credited to Rick Mascitti (mid-1983)<ref name="hopl2" /> and was first used in December 1983. When Mascitti was questioned informally in 1992 about the naming, he indicated that it was given in a [[tongue-in-cheek]] spirit. The name comes from C's <syntaxhighlight lang="C++" inline>++</syntaxhighlight> [[operator (programming)|operator]] (which [[increment and decrement operators|increments]] the [[value (computer science)|value]] of a [[variable (programming)|variable]]) and a common [[naming convention]] of using "+" to indicate an enhanced computer program.

During C++'s development period, the language had been referred to as "new C" and "C with Classes"<ref name="hopl2" /><ref>{{cite web|title=C For C++ Programmers|url=https://www.ccs.neu.edu/course/com3620/parent/C-for-Java-C++/c-for-c++-alt.html|publisher=[[Northeastern University]]|access-date=7 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101117003419/http://www.ccs.neu.edu/course/com3620/parent/C-for-Java-C++/c-for-c++-alt.html|archive-date=17 November 2010|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> before acquiring its final name.

===Philosophy===
Throughout C++'s life, its development and evolution has been guided by a set of principles:<ref name="evolving"/>

* It must be driven by actual problems and its features should be immediately useful in real world programs.
* Every feature should be implementable (with a reasonably obvious way to do so).
* Programmers should be free to pick their own programming style, and that style should be fully supported by C++.
* Allowing a useful feature is more important than preventing every possible misuse of C++.
* It should provide facilities for organizing programs into separate, well-defined parts, and provide facilities for combining separately developed parts.
* No implicit violations of the [[type system]] (but allow explicit violations; that is, those explicitly requested by the programmer).
* User-created types need to have the same support and performance as built-in types.
* Unused features should not negatively impact created executables (e.g. in lower performance).
* There should be no language beneath C++ (except [[assembly language]]).
* C++ should work alongside other existing [[programming language]]s, rather than fostering its own separate and incompatible [[programming environment]].
* If the programmer's intent is unknown, allow the programmer to specify it by providing manual control.

===Standardization===
{{main|C++03|C++11|C++14|C++17|C++20|C++23|C++26}}
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="margin-left: 1.5em;"
|+C++ standards
|-
!scope="col"| Year
!scope="col"| ISO/IEC Standard
!scope="col"| Informal name
|-
!scope="row"| 1998
| | 14882:1998<ref name="isocpp1998">{{cite web|title=ISO/IEC 14882:1998|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|url=https://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?ics1=35&ics2=60&ics3=&csnumber=25845|access-date=23 November 2018|archive-date=15 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115080045/http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?ics1=35&ics2=60&ics3=&csnumber=25845|url-status=live}}</ref> || C++98
|-
!scope="row"| 2003
| | 14882:2003<ref name="isocpp2003">{{cite web|title=ISO/IEC 14882:2003|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|url=https://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?ics1=35&ics2=60&ics3=&csnumber=38110|access-date=23 November 2018|archive-date=13 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210813193332/https://www.iso.org/standard/38110.html|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[C++03]]
|-
!scope="row"| 2011
| | 14882:2011<ref name="isocpp2011">{{cite web|title=ISO/IEC 14882:2011|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|url=https://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?ics1=35&ics2=60&ics3=&csnumber=50372|access-date=23 November 2018|archive-date=27 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527084921/http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?ics1=35&ics2=60&ics3=&csnumber=50372|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[C++11]], C++0x
|-
!scope="row"| 2014
| | 14882:2014<ref name="isocpp2014">{{cite web|title=ISO/IEC 14882:2014|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|url=https://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=64029&ICS1=35&ICS2=60|access-date=23 November 2018|archive-date=29 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429201210/http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=64029&ICS1=35&ICS2=60|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[C++14]], C++1y
|-
!scope="row"| 2017
| | 14882:2017<ref name="isocpp2017">{{cite web|title=ISO/IEC 14882:2017|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/68564.html|access-date=2 December 2017|archive-date=29 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130129110331/http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=50372|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[C++17]], C++1z
|-
!scope="row"| 2020
| | 14882:2020<ref name="isocpp2020">{{cite web|title=ISO/IEC 14882:2020|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/79358.html|access-date=16 December 2020|archive-date=16 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201216154357/https://www.iso.org/standard/79358.html|url-status=live}}</ref> || [[C++20]], C++2a
|-
!scope="row"| 2024
| | 14882:2024<ref name="isocpp2024">{{cite web|title=ISO/IEC 14882:2024|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/83626.html|access-date=21 October 2020}}</ref> || [[C++23]], C++2b
|-
!scope="row" {{TBA}}
| | || [[C++26]], C++2c
|}

C++ is standardized by an [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO]] working group known as [[ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 22|JTC1/SC22/WG21]]. So far, it has published seven revisions of the C++ standard and is currently working on the next revision, [[C++26]].

[[File:C++ Standards Committee meeting - July 1996 Stockholm - Wednesday general session.jpg|thumb|right|Scene during the C++ standards committee meeting in Stockholm in 1996]]
In 1998, the ISO working group standardized C++ for the first time as ''ISO/IEC 14882:1998'', which is informally known as ''C++98''. In 2003, it published a new version of the C++ standard called ''ISO/IEC 14882:2003'', which fixed problems identified in C++98.

The next major revision of the standard was informally referred to as "C++0x", but it was not released until 2011.<ref name="0xapprove">{{cite web|url=https://herbsutter.com/2011/08/12/we-have-an-international-standard-c0x-is-unanimously-approved/|title=We have an international standard: C++0x is unanimously approved|website=Sutter's Mill|date=12 August 2011|access-date=23 November 2018|archive-date=28 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628182816/https://herbsutter.com/2011/08/12/we-have-an-international-standard-c0x-is-unanimously-approved/|url-status=live}}</ref>  [[C++11]] (14882:2011) included many additions to both the core language and the standard library.<ref name="isocpp2011"/>

In 2014, [[C++14]] (also known as C++1y) was released as a small extension to C++11, featuring mainly bug fixes and small improvements.<ref name="The Future of C">{{Cite web|url=https://channel9.msdn.com/Events/Build/2012/2-005|title=The Future of C++|via=channel9.msdn.com|access-date=23 November 2018|archive-date=23 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181023213741/https://channel9.msdn.com/Events/Build/2012/2-005|url-status=live}}</ref>  The Draft International Standard ballot procedures completed in mid-August 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://isocpp.org/blog/2014/08/we-have-cpp14|title=We have C++14! : Standard C++|website=isocpp.org|access-date=19 August 2014|archive-date=19 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819083101/https://isocpp.org/blog/2014/08/we-have-cpp14|url-status=live}}</ref>

After C++14, a major revision [[C++17]], informally known as C++1z, was completed by the ISO C++ committee in mid July 2017 and was approved and published in December 2017.<ref name="Toronto meeting report">{{Cite web|url=https://herbsutter.com/2017/07/15/trip-report-summer-iso-c-standards-meeting-toronto/|title=Trip report: Summer ISO C++ standards meeting (Toronto)|first=Herb|last=Sutter|date=15 July 2017|access-date=4 August 2017|archive-date=6 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806182136/https://herbsutter.com/2017/07/15/trip-report-summer-iso-c-standards-meeting-toronto/|url-status=live}}</ref>

As part of the standardization process, ISO also publishes [[International Organization for Standardization#International standards and other publications|technical reports and specifications]]:

* ISO/IEC TR 18015:2006<ref>{{cite web|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|title=ISO/IEC TR 18015:2006|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/43351.html|access-date=15 February 2019|archive-date=15 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115203236/https://www.iso.org/standard/43351.html|url-status=live}}</ref> on the use of C++ in embedded systems and on performance implications of C++ language and library features,
* ISO/IEC TR 19768:2007<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/43289.html|title=ISO/IEC TR 19768:2007|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|access-date=15 February 2019|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304045148/http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?ics1=35&ics2=60&ics3=&csnumber=43289|url-status=live}}</ref> (also known as the [[C++ Technical Report 1]]) on library extensions mostly integrated into [[C++11]],
* ISO/IEC TR 29124:2010<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/50511.html|title=ISO/IEC TR 29124:2010|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|access-date=15 February 2019|archive-date=12 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112054620/https://www.iso.org/standard/50511.html|url-status=live}}</ref> on special mathematical functions, integrated into {{nowrap|[[C++17]]}},
* ISO/IEC TR 24733:2011<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/38843.html|title=ISO/IEC TR 24733:2011|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|access-date=15 February 2019|archive-date=15 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115203556/https://www.iso.org/standard/38843.html|url-status=live}}</ref> on [[decimal floating point|decimal floating-point]] arithmetic,
* ISO/IEC TS 18822:2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/63483.html|title=ISO/IEC TS 18822:2015|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|access-date=15 February 2019|archive-date=15 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115201441/https://www.iso.org/standard/63483.html|url-status=live}}</ref> on the standard filesystem library, integrated into [[C++17]],
* ISO/IEC TS 19570:2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/65241.html|title=ISO/IEC TS 19570:2015|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|access-date=15 February 2019|archive-date=15 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115201509/https://www.iso.org/standard/65241.html|url-status=live}}</ref> on [[parallel computing|parallel]] versions of the standard library algorithms, integrated into [[C++17]],
* ISO/IEC TS 19841:2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/66343.html|title=ISO/IEC TS 19841:2015|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|access-date=15 February 2019|archive-date=15 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115201300/https://www.iso.org/standard/66343.html|url-status=live}}</ref> on software [[transactional memory]],
* ISO/IEC TS 19568:2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/65238.html|title=ISO/IEC TS 19568:2015|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|access-date=15 February 2019|archive-date=15 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115202436/https://www.iso.org/standard/65238.html|url-status=live}}</ref> on a new set of library extensions, some of which are already integrated into [[C++17]],
* ISO/IEC TS 19217:2015<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/64031.html|title=ISO/IEC TS 19217:2015|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|access-date=15 February 2019|archive-date=15 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115201732/https://www.iso.org/standard/64031.html|url-status=live}}</ref> on the C++ [[concepts (C++)|concepts]], integrated into [[C++20]],
* ISO/IEC TS 19571:2016<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/65242.html|title=ISO/IEC TS 19571:2016|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|access-date=15 February 2019|archive-date=15 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115201226/https://www.iso.org/standard/65242.html|url-status=live}}</ref> on the library extensions for concurrency, some of which are already integrated into [[C++20]],
* ISO/IEC TS 19568:2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/70587.html|title=ISO/IEC TS 19568:2017|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|access-date=15 February 2019|archive-date=15 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115202428/https://www.iso.org/standard/70587.html|url-status=live}}</ref> on a new set of general-purpose library extensions,
* ISO/IEC TS 21425:2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/70910.html|title=ISO/IEC TS 21425:2017|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|access-date=15 February 2019|archive-date=15 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115201957/https://www.iso.org/standard/70910.html|url-status=live}}</ref> on the library extensions for ranges, integrated into [[C++20]],
* ISO/IEC TS 22277:2017<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/73008.html|title=ISO/IEC TS 22277:2017|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|access-date=15 February 2019|archive-date=15 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115202004/https://www.iso.org/standard/73008.html|url-status=live}}</ref> on coroutines, integrated into [[C++20]],
* ISO/IEC TS 19216:2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/64030.html|title=ISO/IEC TS 19216:2018|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|access-date=15 February 2019|archive-date=15 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115201923/https://www.iso.org/standard/64030.html|url-status=live}}</ref> on the networking library,
* ISO/IEC TS 21544:2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/71051.html|title=ISO/IEC TS 21544:2018|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|access-date=15 February 2019|archive-date=15 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115201858/https://www.iso.org/standard/71051.html|url-status=live}}</ref> on modules, integrated into [[C++20]],
* ISO/IEC TS 19570:2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/70588.html|title=ISO/IEC TS 19570:2018|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|access-date=15 February 2019|archive-date=15 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115201519/https://www.iso.org/standard/70588.html|url-status=live}}</ref> on a new set of library extensions for parallelism
* ISO/IEC TS 23619:2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iso.org/standard/76425.html|title=ISO/IEC TS 23619:2021|publisher=International Organization for Standardization|access-date=11 October 2021|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215153205/https://www.iso.org/standard/76425.html |archive-date=15 December 2018}}</ref> on new extensions for [[reflective programming]] (reflection),
* ISO/IEC TS 9922:2024<ref>{{cite web |title=ISO/IEC TS 9922:2024 |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/83630.html |publisher=International Organization for Standardization |access-date=1 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250401173108/https://www.iso.org/standard/83630.html |archive-date=1 April 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> on new set of concurrency extensions, and 
* ISO/IEC TS 19568:2024<ref>{{cite web |title=ISO/IEC TS 19568:2024 |url=https://www.iso.org/standard/86293.html |publisher=International Organization for Standardization |access-date=1 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250225094830/https://www.iso.org/standard/86293.html |archive-date=25 February 2025 |url-status=live}}</ref> on another new set of library extensions.

More technical specifications are in development and pending approval.