Editing C-peptide (section)

==History==

Proinsulin C-peptide was first described in 1967 in connection with the discovery of the insulin biosynthesis pathway.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Steiner DF, Cunningham D, Spigelman L, Aten B | title = Insulin biosynthesis: evidence for a precursor | journal = Science | volume = 157 | issue = 3789 | pages = 697–700 | date = August 1967 | pmid = 4291105 | doi = 10.1126/science.157.3789.697 | bibcode = 1967Sci...157..697S | s2cid = 29382220 }}</ref> Isolation of bovin C-peptide, determination of sequence, preparation of human C-peptide were done in 1971.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Brandenburg |first=Dietrich |date=2008 |title=History and Diagnostic Significance of C-Peptide |journal=Experimental Diabetes Research |volume=2008 |pages=576862 |doi=10.1155/2008/576862 |issn=1687-5214 |pmc=2396242 |pmid=18509495|doi-access=free }}</ref> C-peptide serves as a linker between the A- and the B- chains of insulin and facilitates the efficient assembly, folding, and processing of insulin in the endoplasmic reticulum. Equimolar amounts of C-peptide and insulin are then stored in secretory granules of the pancreatic beta cells and both are eventually released to the portal circulation. Initially, the sole interest in C-peptide was as a marker of insulin secretion and has, as such, been of great value in furthering the understanding of the pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The first documented use of the C-peptide test was in 1972.<ref name="pmid18509495">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brandenburg D |title=History and diagnostic significance of C-peptide |journal=Exp Diabetes Res |volume=2008 |issue= |pages=576862 |date=2008 |pmid=18509495 |pmc=2396242 |doi=10.1155/2008/576862|doi-access=free }}</ref> In the first decade of 21st century, C-peptide has been found to be a bioactive peptide in its own right, with effects on microvascular blood flow and tissue health.<ref>{{cite book | chapter-url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-391-2_5 | doi=10.1007/978-1-61779-391-2_5 | chapter=Role of C-Peptide in the Regulation of Microvascular Blood Flow | title=Diabetes & C-Peptide | date=2012 | pages=45–54 | isbn=978-1-61779-390-5 | vauthors=Forst T, Weber MM, Kunt T, Pfützner A | access-date=March 15, 2024 | archive-date=March 16, 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240316010112/https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-61779-391-2_5 | url-status=live }}</ref>