Editing CASA C-212 Aviocar (section)

==Development==
During the late 1960s, the [[Spanish Air Force]] operated a number of outdated piston-engine transports, including the three-engine [[Junkers Ju 52]] and two-engine [[Douglas C-47]]. Seeking to fulfil the service's transport modernisation needs, [[Spain|Spanish]] aircraft manufacturer [[Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA]] (CASA) developed a proposed aircraft, designated ''C-212''. It was a twin-engine 18-seat transport aircraft capable of performing a variety of military roles, including passenger transport, [[air medical services]], and [[Paratroop|paratrooper]] roles, while also being suitable for use by civil operators.<ref name="AI105p32">Simpson ''Air International'' January 2005, p. 32.</ref> On 26 March 1971, the first prototype conducted its [[maiden flight]]. In 1974, the Spanish Air Force decided to purchase the C-212, which had acquired the name ''Aviocar'', in order to update its fleet.

Several airlines expressed interest in the C-212, particularly in light of its success with military operators; CASA thus decided to pursue development of a dedicated commercial version. In July 1975, the first examples of the civilian version were delivered. In 1997, the improved -400 model was introduced, featuring a [[glass cockpit]] and more powerful [[Honeywell TPE331]] engines.<ref name=AIN1feb2013>{{cite news |url = https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2013-02-01/airbus-military-transfers-c212-production-indonesia |title = Airbus Military Transfers C212 Production to Indonesia |first = Chris |last = Pocock |date = 1 February 2013 |work = AIN |access-date = 3 December 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171204114613/https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2013-02-01/airbus-military-transfers-c212-production-indonesia |archive-date = 4 December 2017 |url-status = live}}</ref> In August 2006, a total of 30 CASA-built C-212s of all variants reportedly remained in airline service with various operators around the world.<ref>''[[Flight International]]'', 3–9 October 2006.</ref>

In July 2010, [[Airbus Military]] CEO Domingo Urena-Raso stated that the company could no longer afford to produce the C-212 in Europe.<ref name=AIN1july2011/><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.flightglobal.com/c-212-assembly-set-for-indonesian-shift/93797.article |title = C-212 assembly set for Indonesian shift |publisher = flightglobal.com |first = Craig |last = Hoyle |date = 3 June 2010}}</ref> Production of the type at Airbus' [[Seville]] facility progressively slowed to only four aircraft in two years.<ref name=AIN1feb2013/> In December 2012, the final Spanish-assembled C-212 was delivered to its customer, the [[Vietnam Coast Guard]].<!--<ref name=AIN1feb2013/>--> By the time the line shut down, it had produced 477 aircraft for 92 operators.<ref name=AIN1feb2013/>

=== Indonesian production ===
[[File:NC-212 TNI Angkatan Udara. Skadron Udara 4.jpg|thumb|[[Indonesian Air Force]] NC-212]]
In 1975, Indonesian aircraft company [[IPTN]] successfully negotiated terms with CASA to produce up to 108 C-212s [[licensed production|under license]] in Indonesia.<ref name = "Vértesy 226">Vértesy 2011, p. 226.</ref> Accordingly, IPTN and [[Nurtanio]] took part in the manufacture of the aircraft, with assembly taking place at IPTN's facility in [[Bandung, Indonesia]].<ref name=AIN1feb2013/> CASA provided technical assistance to set up the production line, sending a delegation of technicians to Bandung to train local personnel. The relative simplicity of the C-212's design was credited with aiding the process.<ref name = "Vértesy 226"/>

Under the license terms, IPTN was permitted to sell the aircraft throughout the Asian market.<ref name = "Vértesy 226"/> But the majority of Indonesian-made NC-212s were sold to domestic customers; by 1986, only six aircraft had reportedly been exported. By 2000, a total of 95 NC-212s had been produced,<ref name = "Vértesy 226"/> though the type's production had become a secondary priority to other ventures such as the larger [[CASA/IPTN CN-235]].<ref name = "Vértesy 227">Vértesy 2011, p. 227.</ref> IPTN also undertook development of more advanced versions of the aircraft.<ref name = "Vértesy 244">Vértesy 2011, p. 244.</ref> Between 2004 and 2008, all of the [[jig (tool)|jig]]s and fixtures necessary to produce the NC212-400 were supplied by Airbus and installed at Bandung, enabling Indonesia to become the single-source manufacturer of this model.<ref name=AIN1feb2013/><ref name=":0"/> The licensing agreement was extended in 2006.<ref name = "Vértesy 236">Vértesy 2011, p. 236.</ref>

In July 2011, Airbus announced a strategic agreement to collaborate with [[PT Dirgantara Indonesia|PTDI]] (IPTN's successor) on the C-212.<ref name=AIN1july2011>{{cite news |url = https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2011-07-08/indonesian-aircraft-maker-gets-help-airbus-military |title = Indonesian Aircraft Maker Gets Help From Airbus Military |first = Chris |last = Pocock |date = 8 July 2011 |work = AIN |access-date = 3 December 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171204114616/https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/defense/2011-07-08/indonesian-aircraft-maker-gets-help-airbus-military |archive-date = 4 December 2017 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.flightglobal.com/-airbus-military-dirgantara-to-market-upgraded-c212-to-civilian-military-users-/107776.article |title = Airbus Military, Dirgantara to market upgraded C212 to civilian, military users |publisher = flightglobal.com |first = Greg |last = Waldron |date = 9 November 2012}}</ref> Under the agreement, Airbus undertook an 18-month first phase of support to PTDI, after which it was to provide PTDI increasing high-value industrial activity, including C-212 upgrades and production transference. In February 2013, their arrangement was formally extended to transfer production of the C-212 to Indonesia.<ref name=AIN1feb2013/><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.flightglobal.com/airbus-military-ptdi-formalise-nc212i-development-plans/109244.article |title = Airbus Military, PTDI formalise NC212i development plans |publisher = flightglobal.com |first = Greg |last = Waldron |date = 1 April 2013}}</ref> For a time, PTDI produced both the NC-212-200 and -400 upgrade, which were equipped with new digital [[avionics]], [[autopilot]], and a redesigned cabin that could accommodate up to 28 passengers.<ref name=AIN1feb2013/> In 2014, PTDI stopped producing the -400 series to focus on the improved NC-212i model.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url = https://www.indonesian-aerospace.com/aircraft/detail/12_nc212+family |title = NC-212 |date = 7 December 2018 |website = Indonesian Aerospace Official Website |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181207045937/https://www.indonesian-aerospace.com/aircraft/detail/12_nc212+family |archive-date = 7 December 2018 |url-status = live}}</ref>