Editing Cache Valley (section)

==History==
[[File:Cachevalley.jpg|thumb|left|View across Cache Valley from [[North Logan, Utah|North Logan]], [[Utah]], June 2009]]

Alongside habitation by the [[Shoshone]] and other [[indigenous peoples of the United States|indigenous peoples]], European explorer Michel Bourdon discovered Cache Valley {{circa}}1818 during a [[Donald Mackenzie (explorer)|MacKenzie fur expedition]].  The valley was subsequently used for the second of the annual gatherings of [[mountain man|mountain men]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://history.idaho.gov/wp-content/uploads/0244.pdf|title=The Early Bear River Fur Trade: Bear Lake and Cache Valley|website=History.Idaho.gov|series=Reference Series|publisher=[[Idaho State Historical Society]]|year=1985}}</ref> Many of the trappers who worked in the valley came from the Hudson's Bay Company, the Northwest Fur Company, and the Rocky Mountain Fur Company.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.familysearch.org/library/books/records/item/81975-redirection|title=The History of a Valley: Cache Valley, Utah-Idaho|editor-last=Ricks|editor-first=Joel E|editor-last2=Cooley|editor-first2=Everett L|publisher=[[Deseret News]]|year=1956|location=Logan, Utah|pages=23|access-date=2 Oct 2015}}</ref> The name "Cache Valley" was derived by the [[North American fur trade|fur trappers]] who hid their trading goods in [[wikt:cache|cache]]s in that region.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=sa9SAAAAIBAJ&sjid=c38DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6741%2C5066695|title=You name it - there's a town for it|last=Van Atta|first=Dale|newspaper=[[Deseret News]]|location=Salt Lake City|pages=15|date=22 Jan 1977|access-date=18 Oct 2015|via=[[Google News]]}}</ref> The use of caches was a method used by fur traders to protect their goods from theft and damage.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|url=https://dcms.lds.org/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE3996606&from=fhd|title=The History of Smithfield: Cache County, Utah|last=Olson|first=Leonard|publisher=[[Smithfield, Utah|City of Smithfield]]|year=1927|location=Smithfield, Utah|pages=16–17|access-date=2 Oct 2015}}{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z3Pqk9tazU4C&pg=PA61|title=Utah Place Names: A Comprehensive Guide to the Origins of Geographic Names: A Compilation|last=Van Cott|first=John W.|publisher=[[University of Utah Press]]|location=Salt Lake City|page=61|year=1990|access-date=16 Mar 2018|isbn=978-0-87480-345-7|oclc=797284427}}</ref>

[[Mormonism|Latter-day Saint]] [[Archibald Gardner|William Gardner]] became the first Anglo-American permanent settler in 1852. Prior to the Mormon selection of the [[Salt Lake Valley]], [[Jim Bridger]] had recommended Cache Valley due to its relative abundance of fresh water.  A Mormon settler group led by [[Peter Maughan]] arrived via [[Box Elder Canyon (Box Elder County, Utah)|Box Elder Canyon]] (commonly referred to as Sardine Canyon) in July 1856 and additional settlers arrived on September 15.

Early Anglo-American settlers of Cache Valley took a defensive stance toward the indigenous Native Americans by creating the Cache Valley Militia. Men from the various towns in Cache Valley nicknamed "minute men" volunteered to drill, serve as watchmen, and to ride to the aid of other colonies at the news of attacks and skirmishes.<ref name=":0" />

On January 29, 1863, an expedition from [[Fort Douglas|Camp Douglas]], Utah to Cache Valley, the [[United States Army]] at the request of Cache Valley settlers attacked a [[Northern Shoshone]] village in the early morning at the confluence of the [[Bear River (Great Salt Lake)|Bear River]] and Beaver Creek (now [[Battle Creek (Idaho)|Battle Creek]]) in what became known as the [[Bear River Massacre]].<ref name=HistoryToGo>{{Cite encyclopedia|entry-url=https://historytogo.utah.gov/bear-river-massacre/|entry=Bear River Massacre|encyclopedia=Utah History Encyclopedia|date=1994|publisher=[[University of Utah Press]]|editor-last=Powell|editor-first=Allan Kent|last=Madsen|first=Brigham D.|author-link=Brigham D. Madsen}}</ref><ref name="Parry, Darren 2019">{{cite book |title=The Bear River Massacre: A Shoshone History |first=Darren |last=Parry |publisher=[[By Common Consent Press]] |year=2019 |isbn=978-1948218207}}</ref> The number of victims was an estimated 250 to 400 children, women, and men,{{efn|name=Estimates|Estimates of the total number of victims (children, women, and men) killed vary, with some stated figures including 250,<ref name=HistoryToGo/><ref name=ShoshoniFrontier>{{cite book|first=Brigham D. |last=Madsen|title=The Shoshoni Frontier and the Bear River Massacre|date=1985|publisher=[[University of Utah Press]]|url=https://archive.org/details/shoshonifrontier0000mads/page/n5/mode/2up|isbn=9780874800999|via=[[Internet Archive]]|url-access=registration|author-link=Brigham D. Madsen|location=Salt Lake City}}</ref>{{rp|p=192}} 350,<ref name=WorstSlaughter/> and 400.<ref name=Restoring/><ref name=SiteTour/>}} and some sources describe it as the largest [[List of Indian massacres in North America|mass murder of Native Americans]] by the US military,<ref name=Restoring>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Utah State University]] |title=Boa Ogoi: Restoring Sacred Land 150 years after the Bear River Massacre |url=https://www.usu.edu/today/story/boa-ogoi-restoring-sacred-land-150-years-after-the-bear-river-massacre |access-date=2025-01-31 |website=Utah State Today|last=Madsen|first=Marley|date=16 September 2020}}</ref><ref name=WorstSlaughter>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2021/09/26/bear-river-massacre-native-americans-shoshone/|newspaper=[[Washington Post]]|date=26 Sep 2021|title=This was the worst slaughter of Native Americans in U.S. history. Few remember it.|last=Hedgpeth|first=Dana}}</ref><ref name=SiteTour>{{Cite journal |last=Zenzen |first=Joan M. |date=2024 |title=Boa Ogoi Massacre Site Tour by Darren Parry (review) |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/263/article/934581 |journal=[[The Public Historian]] |publisher=[[National Council on Public History]] |doi=10.1525/tph.2024.46.3.89 |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=90 |issn=1533-8576|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and largest single episode of [[Native American genocide in the United States|genocide in US history]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Woodworth-Ney |first=Laura |date=2008 |title=Review of 'The Bear River Massacre and the Making of History'|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/17/article/231175 |journal=[[The American Indian Quarterly]] |publisher=[[University of Nebraska Press]]|volume=32 |issue=1 |page=113 |doi=10.1353/aiq.2008.0010 |issn=1534-1828|url-access=subscription }}</ref>