Editing Cadwaladr (section)

== Historical record ==
[[File:Gwynedd General Map.png|thumb|right|upright=1.2|A general map of Gwynedd showing the ''[[cantref]]i'']]

Cadwaladr was the son of [[Cadwallon ap Cadfan]], and the successor to King [[Cadafael, King of Gwynedd|Cadafael]]. His name appears in the [[Genealogies from Jesus College MS 20|pedigrees of the Jesus College MS. 20]]<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Phillimore|1887|pp=87}} — he is in his descendant's pedigree, given as: ''... Cynan tintaeth6y. M. Rodri mol6yna6c. M. Idwal I6rch. M. Kadwaladyr vendigeit. M. Katwalla6n. M. Kad6ga6n. M. Iago. M. Beli. M. Run hir. M. Maelg6n g6yned ...'', and from there back to [[Cunedda]].</ref> (as "Kadwaladyr vendigeit" or "Cadwaladr the Blessed").

Cadwaladr appears to have suffered a major military defeat at the hands of the West Saxons at Pinhoe near Exeter in 658. He is said to have been of a "peaceful and pious" temperament and to have patronised many churches. The [[St Cadwaladr's Church, Llangadwaladr]] in [[Anglesey]] identifies him as its founder.<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Cannon|Crowcroft|2015|p=150}}</ref>

The date of Cadwaladr's death is uncertain but is thought to be either 664 or 682.<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Lloyd|1911|p=230}}</ref> Cadwaladr's name appears as 'Catgualart' in a section of the ''[[Historia Brittonum]]'', where it says he died of a dreadful mortality while he was king.<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Giles|1841|chapter=64}} in Chapter 64.</ref> The great plague of 664 is not noted in the ''[[Annales Cambriae]]'', but [[Bede]]'s description,<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Bede|731|p=381}} Book III, Chapter XXVII</ref> makes clear its impact in both Britain and Ireland, where its occurrence is also noted in the ''Irish Annals''.<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Reeves|1857|p=376}} — year 664, "Mortalitas magna in Hiberniam pervenit"</ref> The plague of 682 is not noted by Bede, but the ''Annales Cambriae'' note its occurrence in Britain and that Cadwaladr was one of its victims.<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Phillimore|1888|pp=159}}, ''Annales Cambriae'', year 682, "Mortalitas magna fuit in brittannia. n qua catgualart filius catguolaum obiit."</ref>{{verification failed|date=August 2024|reason=The source linked here does not appear to be the source that contains this quotation.}} Both the ''Annales Cambriae'' and the ''Irish Annals'' note the plague's impact in Ireland in 683,<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Phillimore|1888|pp=159}}, ''Annales Cambriae'', year 683, "Mortalitas in hibernia."</ref><ref>{{Harvcolnb|Reeves|1857|p=376}} — year 683, "Initium tertiae mortalitatis"</ref> as do other sources.<ref>{{harvcolnb|Plummer|1896|p=196}}</ref>

The [[Genealogies from Jesus College MS 20|genealogies in Jesus College MS. 20]]<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Phillimore|1887|pp=87}} — his pedigree is given as: ''... Cynan tintaeth6y. M. Rodri mol6yna6c. M. Idwal I6rch. M. Kadwaladyr vendigeit. M. Katwalla6n. M. Kad6ga6n. M. Iago. M. Beli. M. Run hir. M. Maelg6n g6yned ...'', and from there back to Cunedda.</ref><ref>[http://www.kmatthews.org.uk/history/jesus_college_20/index.html Genealogies from Jesus College MS 20, Gwynedd 1].</ref> and the [[Harleian genealogies]]<ref>{{Harvcolnb|Owen|1841|pp=xiv}}, ''Pedigree of Ywain Son of Hywel'', in the ''Preface'' of ''Ancient Laws and Institutes of Wales'' — his pedigree is given as: '' ... Rotri Map Mermin Map Ethil Merch Cinnan Map Rotri M. Tutgual M. Catgualart M. Catman M. Jacob ...'', and from there back through [[Maelgwn Gwynedd]] to [[Cunedda]] and his ancestors.</ref><ref>[http://www.kmatthews.org.uk/history/harleian_genealogies/1.html Harleian genealogy 1: Gwynedd 1]</ref> give Cadwaladr as the son of Cadwallon and the father of [[Idwal Iwrch]]. Idwal, who fathered the later king [[Rhodri Molwynog ap Idwal|Rhodri Molwynog]], may have been his successor.