Editing Camera (section)

==History==
{{Main article|History of the camera}}

=== 19th century ===
Beginning with the use of the [[camera obscura]] and transitioning to complex photographic cameras, the evolution of the technology in the 19th century was driven by pioneers like [[Thomas Wedgwood (photographer)|Thomas Wedgwood]], [[Nicéphore Niépce]], and [[Henry Fox Talbot]]. First using the camera obscura for chemical experiments, they ultimately created cameras specifically for chemical photography, and later reduced the camera's size and optimized lens configurations.

The introduction of the [[daguerreotype]] process in 1839 facilitated commercial camera manufacturing, with various producers contributing diverse designs. As camera manufacturing became a specialized trade in the 1850s, designs and sizes were standardized.

The latter half of the century witnessed the advent of [[Dry-plate photography|dry plates]] and [[Roll film|roll-film]], prompting a shift towards smaller and more cost-effective cameras, epitomized by the original Kodak camera, first produced in 1888. This period also saw significant advancements in lens technology and the emergence of color photography, leading to a surge in camera ownership.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last1=Pritchard |first1=Michael |title=The Oxford Companion to the Photograph |last2=Nicholson |first2=Angela |date=2005 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-866271-6 |chapter=Camera development |chapter-url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198662716.001.0001/acref-9780198662716-e-243 |accessdate=2019-12-12 |archive-date=10 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110042413/https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780198662716.001.0001/acref-9780198662716-e-243 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=camera |encyclopedia=The Columbia Encyclopedia |publisher=Columbia University Press |url=https://www.pin1.harvard.edu/pin/authenticate?__authen_application=HUL_ACC_MGMT_SVC&__hulaccess_gateway=ezproxy&__hulaccess_resource=zorecord&__hulaccess_url=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.credoreference.com%2Fcontent%2Ftopic%2Fcamera |date=2018 |editor-last=Lagasse |editor-first=Paul |edition=8}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book |title=The Focal encyclopedia of photography: digital imaging, theory and applications history and science |date=2007 |publisher=Elsevier |others=Michael R. Peres (ed.) |isbn=978-0-240-80740-9 |edition=4th |location=Amsterdam}}</ref>

=== 20th century ===
The first half of the 20th century saw continued miniaturization and the integration of new manufacturing materials. After World War I, Germany took the lead in camera development, spearheading industry consolidation and producing precision-made cameras. The industry saw significant product launches such as the [[Leica Camera|Leica]] camera and the [[Contax]], which were enabled by advancements in film and lens designs. Additionally, there was a marked increase in accessibility to cinematography for amateurs with Eastman Kodak's production of the first [[16 mm film|16-mm]] and [[8 mm film|8-mm]] reversal safety films. The World War II era saw a focus on the development of specialized aerial reconnaissance and instrument-recording equipment, even as the overall pace of non-military camera innovation slowed.

In the second half of the century, Japanese manufacturers in particular advanced camera technology. From the introduction of the affordable Ricohflex III TLR in 1952 to the first 35mm SLR with automatic exposure, the Olympus AutoEye in 1960, new designs and features continuously emerged. Electronics became integral to camera design in the 1970s, evident in models like [[Polaroid SX-70|Polaroid's SX-70]] and [[Canon AE-1|Canon's AE-1]].

Transition to digital photography marked the late 20th century, culminating in digital camera sales surpassing film cameras in the United States by 2003. In contrast, the film camera industry in the UK, Western Europe, and the USA declined during this period, while manufacturing continued in the USSR, German Democratic Republic, and China, often mimicking Western designs.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />

=== 21st century ===
The 21st century witnessed the mass adoption of digital cameras and significant improvements in sensor technology. A major revolution came with the incorporation of cameras into smartphones, making photography a commonplace activity. The century also marked the rise of [[computational photography]], using algorithms and AI to enhance image quality. Features like low-light and [[High dynamic range|HDR photography]], optical image stabilization, and depth-sensing became common in smartphone cameras.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-26 |title=A snapshot history of digital camera technology |url=https://venturebeat.com/business/a-snapshot-history-of-digital-camera-technology/ |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=VentureBeat |language=en-US |archive-date=10 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110042411/https://venturebeat.com/mobile/a-snapshot-history-of-digital-camera-technology/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-08-19 |title=Timeline: The history of digital cameras |url=https://www.digitalspy.com/tech/cameras/a591251/world-photography-day-2014-the-history-of-digital-cameras/ |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=Digital Spy |language=en-GB |archive-date=5 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230705044110/https://www.digitalspy.com/tech/cameras/a591251/world-photography-day-2014-the-history-of-digital-cameras/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=History of digital cameras: From '70s prototypes to iPhone and Galaxy's everyday wonders |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/history-of-digital-cameras-from-70s-prototypes-to-iphone-and-galaxys-everyday-wonders/ |access-date=2023-07-05 |website=CNET |language=en |archive-date=8 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408223352/https://www.cnet.com/tech/computing/history-of-digital-cameras-from-70s-prototypes-to-iphone-and-galaxys-everyday-wonders/ |url-status=live }}</ref>