Editing Camp X-Ray (section)

==Background==
[[File:Prisoner lifted by 115th MPB personnel at Guantanamo Bay detainment camp, January 2002.jpg|thumb|Prisoner lifted by 115th MPB personnel at Guantanamo Bay detainment camp, January 2002.]]
Camp X-Ray was originally built during [[Operation Sea Signal]] to house "excludables" in the mid-1990s when Fidel Castro allowed any Cuban wishing to do so, to cross through the Cuban-operated minefields and enter the base. Excludables were held in Camp X-ray near Post 37 before being sent back to Cuba. Excludables included troublemakers from the regular camps, where the United States was processing Cuban Asylum Seekers (CAS) for emigration to the United States. The US government was at the time allowed access to Cuban records to process these people. Over 100,000 CAS were processed in the mid-1990s and allowed to enter the United States.[[Image:Camp x-ray detainees.jpg|thumb|Detainees upon arrival at Camp X-Ray, January 2002|left]]During the [[War on terror]], beginning in the fall of 2001 after the [[September 11 attacks|9/11 attacks]], the US reestablished the camp for housing captured combatants.  To get the camp up and operational [[Naval Mobile Construction Battalion 133]] sent a detachment that had been working at [[Roosevelt Roads Naval Station]].  The supervision and care of these detainees at Camp X-Ray was handled by [[Joint Task Force 160]] (JTF-160), while interrogations were conducted by [[Joint Task Force 170]] (JTF-170).<ref name=TheTimes2009-03-23>
{{cite news
| url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/non-fiction/article5939446.ece
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090510012311/http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/books/non-fiction/article5939446.ece
| url-status=dead
| archive-date=10 May 2009
| title=The Least Worst Place: How Guantanamo Became the World's Most Notorious Prison by Karen Greenberg
| newspaper=[[The Times]]
| author=Stephen Robinson
| date=22 March 2009
| access-date=2009-03-23
 | location=London}}
</ref><ref name=WashingtonPost2009-01-25>
{{cite news
| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/23/AR2009012302313.html
| title=When Gitmo Was (Relatively) Good
| newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]
| author=Karen J. Greenberg
| author-link=Karen J. Greenberg
| date=25 January 2009
| access-date=2009-03-18
}}
</ref><ref name=LeastWorstPlace>
{{cite book
| url=https://archive.org/details/leastworstplaceg00gree
| isbn=978-0-19-537188-8
| title=The Least Worst Place: Guantanamo's First 100 Days
| publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]
| author=Karen J. Greenberg
| author-link=Karen J. Greenberg
| date=March 2009
| access-date=2009-03-18
| url-access=registration
}}
</ref><ref name=WashingtonPost2009-01-26>
{{cite news
| url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/discussion/2009/01/23/DI2009012302995.html
| title=Outlook: When Gitmo Was (Relatively) Good
| newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]
| author=Karen J. Greenberg
| author-link=Karen J. Greenberg
| date=26 January 2009
| access-date=2009-03-18
}}
</ref> JTF-160 was under the command of [[United States Marines|Marine]] [[Brigadier general (United States)|Brigadier General]] [[Michael R. Lehnert]] until March 2002, when he was replaced by Brigadier General [[Rick Baccus]]. Since Camp X-Ray's closure and the subsequent opening of [[Camp Delta]], JTF-160 and 170 have been combined into Joint Task Force Guantanamo (JTF-GTMO).

In accordance with U.S. military and [[Geneva Convention]] doctrine on prisoner treatment, soldiers guarding the detainees were housed in tents with living conditions "not markedly different" from that of the prisoners while the permanent facilities at Camp Delta were under construction.<ref name=PBSFrontline20051018>{{cite news
| url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/torture/interviews/berg.html
| title=Interview: Thomas Berg
| publisher=[[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|PBS Frontline]]
| date=18 October 2005
| access-date=2008-09-01
}}</ref> This camp was one of several locations managed by the United States where prisoners had suffered torture by US soldiers and agents in relation to interrogation.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=Times Newspapers Ltd. (UK) |date=2 October 2004 |access-date=2009-03-28 |title=Camp X-Ray Briton tells of his 'torture'| author=Daniel McGrory |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article489311.ece | location=London}}{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Irish Examiner |access-date=2009-03-28 |date=9 October 2003 |title=Dark Age torture at Camp X-ray |author=Paisley Dodds |url=http://archives.tcm.ie/irishexaminer/2003/10/09/story404882346.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050525233323/http://archives.tcm.ie/irishexaminer/2003/10/09/story404882346.asp |archive-date=25 May 2005 }}</ref>

[[Dick Cheney]], as the then Vice President in 2002, said:

<blockquote>Prisoners could be detained until the end of the natural conflict in Iraq and Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/1784700.stm | publisher=BBC News | title=No POW rights for Cuba prisoners | date=27 January 2002}}</ref></blockquote>