Editing Cannes (section)

==History==
By the 2nd century BC, the [[Liguria]]n [[Oxybii]] established a settlement here known as ''Aegitna'' ({{langx|grc|Αἴγιτνα}}).<ref>{{Cite book|chapter=Aegitna|title=Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft|volume=I|year=1893|language=de|page=477}}</ref> Historians are unsure what the name means, but the connection to Greek αἴγες "waves, surf" seems evident. The second element could be compared to the Cretan and Thessalian towns of Itanos ({{Langx|grc|Ἴτανος|label=none}}) and Iton ({{Langx|grc|Ἴτων|label=none}}); also phonetically close is the Aetolian town of [[Aegitium]] ({{Langx|grc|Αἱγἱτιον|label=none}}).<ref>William Smith: ''Dictionary 1of Greek and Roman Geography, illustrated by numerous engravings on wood''. Walton and Maberly, London 1854, s. v.[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0064%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D4%3Aentry%3Daegitium-geo ''Aegitium''].</ref> The area was a fishing village used as a port of call between the [[Lérins Islands]].

[[File:Cannes SPOT 1160.jpg|thumb|left|Cannes seen from [[SPOT (satellite)|Spot Satellite]]]]
In 154 [[Before Christ|BC]], it became the scene of violent but quick conflict between the troops of [[Quintus Opimius (consul)|Quintus Opimius]] and the [[Oxybii]].<ref>Reported in [[Polybius]], Histories, 33.10.</ref>

In the 10th century, the town was known as Canua.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Meeks |first2=Jacqueline |last2=Monsigny |first1=Edward |title=Le roman du festival de Cannes |date=2007 |publisher=Rocher |location=Monaco |isbn=978-2268061931 |page=19 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ruZkAAAAMAAJ |language=fr}}</ref> The name may derive from "canna", a [[Reed (plant)|reed]]. Canua was probably the site of a small Ligurian port, and later a Roman outpost on [[Le Suquet]] hill, suggested by Roman tombs discovered here. Le Suquet housed an 11th-century tower, which overlooked the swamps where the city now stands. Most of the ancient activity, especially protection, was on the Lérins Islands, and the history of Cannes is closely tied to the history of the islands.

An attack by the [[Saracen]]s in 891, who remained until the end of the 10th century, devastated the country around Canua. The insecurity of the Lérins islands forced the monks to settle on the mainland, at the Suquet. Construction of a castle in 1035 fortified the city then known as Cannes, and at the end of the 11th century construction was started on two towers on the Lérins islands. One took a century to build.

Around 1530, Cannes detached from the monks who had controlled the city for hundreds of years and became independent.

During the 18th century, both the Spanish and British tried to gain control of the Lérins Islands but were chased away by the French. The islands were later controlled by many, such as Jean-Honoré Alziary and the [[Bishop of Fréjus]]. They had many different purposes: in the middle of the 19th century, one served as a hospital for soldiers wounded in the [[Crimean War]].

[[Henry Brougham, 1st Baron Brougham and Vaux]] bought land at the Croix des Gardes "about the year 1838, when it was little more than a fishing village on a picturesque coast" and constructed the villa Eleonore-Louise; Brougham's work to improve living conditions attracted the English aristocracy, who also built winter residences.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/heritage-and-retro/retro/historian-hails-edinburgh-born-slavery-abolitionist-who-invented-cannes-2887792|website=edinburghnews.scotsman.com|title=Historian hails Edinburgh-born slavery abolitionist who 'invented' Cannes|access-date=18 June 2020}}</ref><ref name="cadillacdatabase.net">{{cite web |url=http://www.cadillacdatabase.net/Dbas_txt/Facta-c.htm |title=Cadillac Terms and Definitions A-C |publisher=Cadillacdatabase.net |year=1996 |access-date=2012-05-01 |archive-date=11 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111112255/http://www.cadillacdatabase.net/Dbas_txt/Facta-c.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:Mairie de Cannes, Cannes, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France - panoramio.jpg|thumb|The [[Hôtel de Ville, Cannes|Hôtel de Ville]]]] 
The 19th century saw the modernization of Cannes, spearheaded by [[Maria Caroline Gibert de Lametz|Marie de Lametz]] and her son, [[Charles III, Prince of Monaco|Prince Charles III]], to follow the successes of nearby Nice and the successful gambling industry in [[Bad Homburg]]. After several failures in 1850s, the late 1860s saw an expansion of casino, villas, hotels, roads and railway (the distance from Paris to Cannes reduced to 23 hours).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Miles |first=Jonathan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jOuTEAAAQBAJ |title=Once Upon a Time World: The Dark and Sparkling Story of the French Riviera |publisher=Atlantic Books |year=2023 |isbn=978-1-83895-342-3 |language=en |chapter=Chapter 4}}</ref> The [[Hôtel de Ville, Cannes|Hôtel de Ville]] was completed in 1876.<ref>{{Base Mérimée|IA06000102}}</ref>

During the [[repression of January and February 1894]], the police conducted raids targeting the [[Anarchism|anarchists]] living there, without much success.<ref name=":12">{{Cite news |date=3 January 1894 |title=Les anarchistes |trans-title=The anarchists |work=La Dépêche |pages=2}}</ref><ref name=":22">{{Cite journal |date=2 January 1894 |title=Deux mille perquisitions |journal=L'Estafette |pages=2}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite news |date=3 January 1894 |title=Une série générale de perquisitions : résultat négatif des recherches |trans-title=A general series of raids: negative results |work=L'Éclair}}</ref>

At the end of the 19th century, several more railways were completed, which prompted the arrival of [[Trams in Cannes|streetcars]]. In Cannes, projects such as the Boulevard Carnot and the rue d'Antibes were carried out. After the closure of the Casino des Fleurs (hôtel Gallia), a luxury establishment was built for the rich winter clientele, the Casino Municipal next to the pier Albert-Edouard. This casino was demolished and replaced by the new Palace in 1979.

In the 20th century, new luxury hotels such as the [[InterContinental Carlton Cannes Hotel|Carlton]], [[Hotel Majestic Barrière|Majestic]], [[Grand Hyatt Cannes Hôtel Martinez|Martinez]], and [[JW Marriott Cannes]] were built. The city was modernised with a [[Stade Pierre de Coubertin (Cannes)|sports centre]], a post office, and schools. There were fewer British and German tourists after the [[World War I|First World War]], but more Americans. Winter tourism gave way to summer tourism, and the summer casino at Palm Beach was constructed.

In 1931, [[Karan Singh]], the crown prince of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], was born at the [[Hôtel Martinez|Martinez Hotel]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Karan Singh recalls his French Connection|url=https://www.netindian.in/news/people/karan-singh-recalls-his-french-connection |access-date=2021-05-22|website=NetIndian|date=20 March 2010|language=en}}</ref>

The city council had the idea of starting an international film festival shortly after World War II.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.intercontinental-carlton-cannes.com/en/100th-anniversary/history/1946 |title=1st Cannes Film Festival |access-date= 20 October 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020200436/http://www.intercontinental-carlton-cannes.com/en/100th-anniversary/history/1946 |archive-date=October 20, 2013|df=dmy}}</ref>

On 3 November 2011, it hosted the [[2011 G20 Cannes summit|2011 G20 summit]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Previous Summits|language=en|url=https://www.g20.org/en/about-the-g20/previous-summit|publisher=G20|access-date=11 April 2024}}</ref>

In 2021, Cannes was designated as the City of Film by the [[UNESCO Creative Cities Network]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/cannes|title=Cannes |website=Creative Cities Network |publisher=UNESCO |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231027175800/https://en.unesco.org/creative-cities/cannes |archive-date= Oct 27, 2023}}</ref>