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Canticle
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==Catholic Church== Prior to the [[Pope Pius X]]'s [[Reform of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius X|1911 reforms]], the following cycle of seven Old Testament Canticles was used at [[Lauds]]: * Sunday – The Song of the [[Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego|Three Holy Children]] ({{bibleverse||Daniel|3:57–88, 56}}) * Monday – The [[Isaiah 12#Canticle|Song]] of [[Isaiah]] the Prophet ({{bibleverse||Isaiah|12:1-6}}) * Tuesday – The [[Isaiah 38#Canticle|Song]] of [[Hezekiah]] ({{bibleverse||Isaiah|38:10-20}}) * Wednesday – The [[Song of Hannah]] ({{bibleverse||1 Samuel|2:1-10}}) * Thursday – The (First) [[Song of the sea|Song of Moses]] ({{bibleverse||Exodus|15:1-19}}) * Friday – The Prayer of [[Habakkuk]] ({{bibleverse||Habakkuk|3:2-19}}) * Saturday – The (Second) [[Song of Moses]] ({{bibleverse||Deuteronomy|32:1-43}}) These are rather long, and the weekday ones display something of a penitential theme, but some were not often used, as all feasts and the weekdays in Eastertide had the Canticle of Daniel, assigned to Sunday.{{Citation needed|date=December 2024}} The 1911 reform introduced for weekdays not of penitential nature, and for lesser feasts and days of the lesser octaves, the following Canticles: * Monday – The Song of [[David]] the King ({{bibleverse||1 Chronicles|29:10-13}}) * Tuesday – The Song of [[Book of Tobit|Tobit]] ({{bibleverse||Tobit|13:1-11}}) * Wednesday – The Song of [[Judith]] ({{bibleverse||Judith|16:15-22}}) * Thursday – The Song of [[Jeremiah]] the Prophet ({{bibleverse||Jeremiah|31:10-18}}) * Friday – The (Second) Song of [[Isaiah]] the Prophet ({{bibleverse||Isaiah|45:15-30}}) * Saturday – The Song of [[Jesus Sirach|Ecclesiasticus]] ({{bibleverse||Sirach|36:1-16}}) For weekdays in [[Advent]], [[Pre-Lent]], [[Lent]] and the quarterly [[Ember days|Ember Days]], if not superseded by higher-ranking feasts—due to the multitude of feasts in the rest of the year, these make up almost the totality of the days that did not have the Canticle of Daniel before—the original seven Canticles would still be used. The [[Liturgy of the Hours]] (introduced in 1971) uses one canticle from the [[Old Testament]] each day at [[Lauds]], "each weekday of the four-week cycle [has] its own proper canticle and on Sunday the two sections of the [[Canticle of the Three Children]] may be alternated".<ref name="GILH136">[http://www.ewtn.com/library/curia/cdwgilh.htm#Ch%20III-V General Instruction of the Liturgy of the Hours, No. 136]</ref> The liturgy [[Breviarium Romanum|prior to the reform after Vatican II]] used fourteen Old Testament Canticles in two weekly cycles. At [[Vespers]] according to the [[Liturgy of the Hours]], a Canticle from the New Testament is used. These follow a weekly cycle, with some exceptions.<ref name="GILH136"/> Additionally, the following Canticles from the [[Gospel of Luke]] (also called the “Evangelical Canticles”) are said daily: * At [[Lauds]], the "[[Benedictus (Song of Zechariah)|Canticle of Zachary]]" (Luke 1:68-79), commonly referred to as the ''Benedictus.'' * At [[Vespers]], the "Canticle of [[Mary, mother of Jesus|Mary]]" (Luke 1:46-55), commonly known as the ''[[Magnificat]]''. * At [[Compline]], the "Canticle of [[Simeon (Gospel of Luke)|Simeon]]" (Luke 2:29-32), commonly referred to as the ''[[Nunc dimittis]]''. This usage is also followed by [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] churches.
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