Editing Cardinal virtues (section)

== Four cardinal virtues ==
* [[Prudence]] ({{lang|grc|φρόνησις}}, [[Phronesis|{{Transliteration|grc|phrónēsis}}]]; {{langx|la|prudentia}}; also [[wisdom]], {{transliteration|grc|[[Sophia (wisdom)|sophia]]}}, {{lang|la|sapientia}}), the ability to discern the appropriate course of action to be taken in a given situation at the appropriate time, with consideration of potential consequences; cautiousness.
* [[Justice (virtue)|Justice]] ({{lang|grc|δικαιοσύνη}}, {{Transliteration|grc|dikaiosýnē}}; {{langx|la|iustitia}}): also considered as fairness;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cardinal Virtues of Plato, Augustine and Confucius |url=http://www.theplatonist.com/cardinal_virtues.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074259/http://www.theplatonist.com/cardinal_virtues.htm |archive-date=2016-03-04 |website=ThePlatonist.Com}}</ref> the Greek word also having the meaning righteousness.
* [[Courage]] ({{lang|grc|ἀνδρεία}}, {{Transliteration|grc|andreía}}; {{langx|la|fortitudo}}): forbearance, strength, endurance, fortitude (patience and perseverance), dedication and the ability to confront fear, uncertainty, and intimidation (bravery, boldness, valor, daring). Notably, {{lang|grc|ἀνδρεία}}, being closely related to [[wikt:ἀνήρ#Ancient Greek|ἀνήρ]] ("adult male"), could also be translated "manliness". Some other definitions of courage are "Andrea, virtus, spirit, heart, mettle, thumos, tenacity, gameness, resolution, bravery, boldness, valor, daring, hardihood, assertiveness, frame, gravitas, determination".
* [[Temperance (virtue)|Temperance]] ({{lang|grc|σωφροσύνη}}, [[Sophrosyne|{{Transliteration|grc|sōphrosýnē}}]]; {{langx|la|temperantia}}): also known as restraint, the practice of self-control, abstention, discretion, and moderation tempering the [[appetition]]. Plato considered {{Transliteration|grc|sōphrosynē}}, which may also be translated as sound-mindedness, to be the most important virtue. {{lang|grc|σωφροσύνη}} was often used in reference to drinking and "knowing the right amount" to avoid belligerence.

===Gallery, depiction of the cardinal virtues in 9th-century Europe===
An early European representation of the cardinal virtues from 845 AD is found in the [[Vivian Bible]], Paris.
<gallery>
Biblia viviana virtues.jpg|The four virtues (in the corners) face a scene with [[King David]] (center), along with men who served David and who wrote psalms.
Fortitudo or Courage, from the Vivian Bible, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, Latin 1, folio 215v.jpg|Fortitudo or Courage, from the Vivian Bible, Bibliothèque nationale, Latin 1, folio 215v.
Prydentia or Prudentia (Prudence), from the Vivian Bible, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, Latin 1, folio 215v; the Four Cardinal Virtues are prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance.jpg|Prydentia or Prudentia (Prudence), from the Vivian Bible.
Iustitia or Justice, from the Vivian Bible, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, Latin 1, folio 215v.jpg|Iustitia or Justice, from the Vivian Bible.
Temperantia or Temperance, from the Vivian Bible, Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, Latin 1, folio 215v.jpg|Temperantia or Temperance, from the Vivian Bible.
</gallery>