Editing Caridea (section)

==Biology==
Carideans are found in every kind of aquatic habitat, with the majority of species being marine. Around a quarter of the described species are found in [[fresh water]], however, including almost all the members of the species-rich family [[Atyidae]] and the [[Palaemonidae]] subfamily [[Palaemoninae]].<ref name="freshwater">{{cite journal |author1=S. De Grave |author2=Y. Cai |author3=A. Anker |year=2008 |title=Global diversity of shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) in freshwater |journal=[[Hydrobiologia]] |volume=595 |issue=1: Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment |pages=287–293 |doi=10.1007/s10750-007-9024-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dw4H6DBHnAgC&pg=PA287 |editor1=Estelle Virginia Balian |editor2=C. Lévêque |editor3=H. Segers |editor4=K. Martens |publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] |bibcode=2008HyBio.595..287D |isbn=978-1-4020-8258-0|s2cid=22945163 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> They include several commercially important species, such as ''[[Macrobrachium rosenbergii]]'', and are found on every continent except [[Antarctica]].<ref name="freshwater"/> The marine species are found at depths to {{convert|5000|m|abbr=on}},<ref name="Chace">{{cite book |editor=Robert Hugh Morris, Donald Putnam Abbott & Eugene Clinton Haderlie |year=1980 |title=Intertidal Invertebrates of California |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-8047-1045-9 |chapter=Caridea: the shrimps |author=[[Fenner A. Chace Jr.]] & Donald P. Abbott |pages=567–576 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NAybxQZvWI0C&pg=PA567}}</ref> and from the tropics to the polar regions.

In addition to the great variety in habitat, carideans vary greatly in form, from species a few millimetres long when fully grown,<ref name="SA">{{cite book |author1=Gary C. B. Poore |author2=Shane T. Ahyong |year=2004 |title=Marine Decapod Crustacea of Southern Australia: a Guide to Identification |publisher=[[CSIRO Publishing]] |isbn=9780643069060 |chapter=Caridea – shrimps |pages=53–57 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZZWnuGc0xlMC&pg=PA53}}</ref> to those that grow to over {{convert|1|ft|mm|sigfig=1|order=flip|abbr=on}} long.<ref name="Chace"/> Except where [[secondary loss|secondarily lost]], shrimp have one pair of stalked eyes, although they are sometimes covered by the [[carapace]], which protects the [[cephalothorax]].<ref name="Chace"/> The carapace also surrounds the [[gill]]s, through which water is pumped by the action of the mouthparts.<ref name="Chace"/>

Most carideans are [[omnivore|omnivorous]], but some are specialised for particular modes of feeding. Some are [[filter feeding|filter feeders]], using their [[seta|setose]] (bristly) legs as a sieve; some scrape [[algae]] from rocks. The snapping shrimp of the genus ''[[Alpheus (crustacean)|Alpheus]]'' snap their claws to create a shock wave that stuns prey. Many [[cleaner shrimp]], which groom reef fish and feed on their parasites and [[necrosis|necrotic tissue]], are carideans.<ref name="Chace"/> In turn, carideans are eaten by various animals, particularly fish and seabirds, and frequently host [[Bopyridae|bopyrid]] parasites.<ref name="Chace"/>

===Lifecycle===
Unlike [[Dendrobranchiata|Dendrobranchiates]], Carideans brood their eggs rather than releasing them into the water. Caridean larvae undergo all naupliar development within the egg, and eclose as a [[zoea]]. The zoea stage feeds on [[phytoplankton]]. There can be as few as two zoea stages, (e.g. some freshwater [[Palaemonidae]]), or as many as 13, (e.g. some [[Pandalidae]]). The post-zoeal larva, often called a decapodid, resembles a miniature adult, but retains some larval characteristics. The decapodid larva will metamorphose a final time into a post-larval juvenile: a young shrimp having all the characteristics of adults.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Guerao|first1=Guillermo|last2=Cuesta|first2=Jose|date=July 2014|title=Caridea|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263973779|url-status=live|website=ResearchGate|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220082835/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263973779_Caridea |archive-date=2020-12-20 }}</ref> Most adult carideans are [[benthic]] animals living primarily on the sea floor.

Common species include ''[[Pandalus borealis]]'' (the "pink shrimp"), ''[[Crangon crangon]]'' (the "brown shrimp") and the [[snapping shrimp]] of the genus [[Alpheus_(crustacean)|''Alpheus'']]. Depending on the species and location, they grow from about {{convert|1.2|to|30|cm|in|frac=8|abbr=on}} long, and live between 1.0 and 6.5 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/faq/ |title=A bouillabaisse of fascinating facts about fish |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]: [[National Marine Fisheries Service]] |access-date=October 22, 2009}}</ref>