Editing Carp (section)

==Biology==
The cypriniformes (family Cyprinidae) are traditionally grouped with the [[Characiformes]], [[Siluriformes]], and [[Gymnotiformes]] to create the superorder [[Ostariophysi]], since these groups share some common features. These features include being found predominantly in fresh water and possessing [[Weberian ossicles]], an anatomical structure derived from the first five anterior-most vertebrae, and their corresponding ribs and neural crests.

[[File:Hal_-_Cyprinus_carpio_and_Amia_calva_skeletons_detail.jpg|alt=Hal_-_Cyprinus_carpio_and_Amia_calva_skeletons_detail|left|thumb|''[[Cyprinus carpio]]'' skeleton]]
The third anterior-most pair of ribs is in contact with the extension of the [[bony labyrinth|labyrinth]] and the posterior with the swim bladder. The function is poorly understood, but this structure is presumed to take part in the transmission of vibrations from the [[swim bladder]] to the labyrinth and in the perception of sound, which would explain why the Ostariophysi have such a great capacity for hearing.<ref name="Billard">Billard R. (Ed.) (1995). Carp – Biology and Culture. Springer-Praxis Series in Aquaculture and Fisheries, Chichester, UK.</ref>
[[File:2006-11-24 Koi.jpg|thumb|''[[Cyprinus rubrofuscus]]'' (Amur carp) have been domesticated and bred in [[Japan]] since the early 19th century for ornamental purposes in their [[koi]] form]]
Most cypriniformes have scales and teeth on the inferior pharyngeal bones which may be modified in relation to the diet. ''[[Tribolodon]]'' is the only cyprinid genus which tolerates salt water. Several species move into brackish water but return to fresh water to spawn. All of the other cypriniformes live in continental waters and have a wide geographical range.<ref name="Billard"/> Some consider all cyprinid fishes carp{{By whom|date=March 2015}}, and the family Cyprinidae itself is often known as the carp family.

In colloquial use, carp usually refers only to several larger cyprinid species such as ''[[Cyprinus carpio]]'' (common carp), ''[[Carassius carassius]]'' (crucian carp), ''[[Ctenopharyngodon idella]]'' (grass carp), ''[[Hypophthalmichthys molitrix]]'' (silver carp), and ''[[Hypophthalmichthys nobilis]]'' (bighead carp). Common carp are native to both [[Eastern Europe]] and [[Western Asia]],<ref>Balon, E. 1995. Origin and domestication of the wild carp, Cyprinus carpio: from Roman gourmets to the swimming flowers. Aquaculture 129(1-4):3–48</ref> so they are sometimes called a "Eurasian" carp.

Carp have long been an important food fish to humans. Several species such as the various [[goldfish]] (''Carassius auratus'') breeds and the domesticated common carp variety known as [[koi]] (''Cyprinus rubrofuscus'' var. ''"koi"'') have been popular ornamental fishes. As a result, carp have been introduced to various locations, though with mixed results. Several species of carp are considered invasive species in the United States,<ref>{{cite web|author=National Invasive Species Information Center |url=https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/asian-carp |title=Invasive Species: Aquatic Species – Asian Carp |publisher=Invasivespeciesinfo.gov |date=2010-07-21 |access-date=2019-08-30}}</ref> and, worldwide, large sums of money are spent on carp control.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://karpfenstuhl.com/|title=Karpfenstuhl|access-date=2017-02-22}}</ref>

At least some species of carp are able to survive for months with practically no [[oxygen]] (for example under ice or in stagnant, scummy water) by metabolizing [[glycogen]] to form [[lactic acid]] which is then converted into [[ethanol]] and [[carbon dioxide]]. The ethanol diffuses into the surrounding water through the [[gills]].<ref>{{cite book|author1=Aren van Waarde|author2=G. Van den Thillart|author3=Maria Verhagen|title=Surviving Hypoxia|date=1993|isbn=0-8493-4226-0|pages=157–170|chapter=Ethanol Formation and pH-Regulation in Fish|publisher=CRC Press |hdl=11370/3196a88e-a978-4293-8f6f-cd6876d8c428}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Breath of life: Did animals evolve without oxygen?|journal=New Scientist|date=Jan 21, 2017|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg23331090-200}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Jay Storz|author2=Grant McClelland|name-list-style=amp|title=Rewiring metabolism under oxygen deprivation|journal=Science|volume=356|issue=6335|pages=248–249|date=Apr 21, 2017|doi=10.1126/science.aan1505|pmid=28428384|pmc=6661067|bibcode=2017Sci...356..248S}}</ref>