Editing Cascade Brewery (section)

==History==
The Cascade estate was originally a saw milling operation, run by a partnership called Macintosh and Degraves Sawmills.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://collections.museumsvictoria.com.au/items/56187 |title=Medal - Centenary of Macintosh & Degraves Shilling Token, Alfred Chitty, Melbourne, Tasmania, Australia, 1923 - Museums Victoria |access-date=24 May 2019}}</ref> The mills began operation in 1825 and the brewery was founded beside the [[Hobart Rivulet]] in 1832 by Hugh Macintosh (1776–1834) with his nephews Henry and Charles Degraves while Peter Degraves was in Hobart prison serving a five-year sentence.<ref>Memoirs of Ada Hope Wilson Peter Degraves grand daughter</ref><ref name="adb-degraves" />

Until 2011 the conventional history of Cascade Brewery held that the brewery, and the other enterprises at Cascade, had been founded by Peter Degraves. However research by historian Greg Jefferys for his Masters thesis showed that the major partner in the Cascade Mills and Brewery had actually been Major Hugh Macintosh and that Degraves had falsified the history of the brewery after Macintosh's death in 1834.<ref name=gregjeffreys>{{cite journal|url=http://eprints.utas.edu.au/11730/1/Jefferys.pdf|title=Hugh Macintosh and Peter Degraves: the story of an Officer and a Gentleman.|author=Gregory Jeffreys|date=May 2011|access-date=28 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206163734/http://eprints.utas.edu.au/11730/1/Jefferys.pdf|archive-date=6 December 2014|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Macintosh was a retired [[East India Company]] officer who emigrated from England on his ship ''Hope'' in 1824 with his business partner Peter Degraves (1778–1852). Degraves was an undischarged bankrupt and a convicted thief.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stradbrokeislandgalleon.com/peter-degraves.html|title=Peter Degraves; Hobart's founder of the Cascade Brewery and Hobart's Theatre Royal and a serious historic enigma.|access-date=28 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324001725/http://www.stradbrokeislandgalleon.com/peter-degraves.html|archive-date=24 March 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 1826, charges were laid against Degraves for debts incurred in England, and he was taken into custody until 1832. As a result of Degraves' arrest, Macintosh dissolved the partnership, paid all of the partnership's outstanding debts,<ref>''[[Hobart Town Gazette]]'' 22 October 1825 page 2</ref> and took over the running of the sawmills with his two nephews as well as expanding his farming interests near [[New Norfolk]].<ref name=gregjeffreys/>
[[File:1 peter degraves.jpg|thumb|Peter Degraves]]
After his release in 1832, Peter Degraves took over running and expanding the brewery on the property owned by himself and Macintosh.<ref name="heroes">{{cite book|title=Heroes and Villains: the untold story of the founders of Cascade Brewery|author=Greg Jefferys|year=2013 |publisher=J.A.G. Publications |isbn=9780646910468}}</ref><ref name="adb-degraves">{{cite book|chapter-url=http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/biogs/A010287b.htm|title=Biography - Peter Degraves - Australian Dictionary of Biography|chapter=Degraves, Peter (1778–1852) |work=anu.edu.au|publisher=National Centre of Biography, Australian National University |access-date=19 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110414194052/http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/biogs/A010287b.htm|archive-date=14 April 2011|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Macintosh moved to his farm on the banks for the Derwent River where he pursued his interests in viticulture and Merino sheep.

During this period, Macintosh supported Henry Savery, who wrote Australia's first novel.<ref name=heroes/>{{Clarify|reason=Made an assumption that Macintosh did this, although the prior text was grammatically confusing/ambiguous.|date=June 2023}} After Macintosh's death in December 1834, his half-share of the Cascade estate passed to his son William Macintosh who lived in Madras, India. Degraves offered to buy William's share but never paid his nephew, and William died a pauper in 1840, still owed a small fortune by his wealthy uncle Peter Degraves.<ref>Will of William Macintosh British Library BL-BIND-L-AG-34-29-244-00162.JPG</ref> After Macintosh's death, Degraves continued to expand both the milling and brewing operations at the Cascade, exporting both timber and beer to mainland Australia, particularly to [[Victoria, Australia|Victoria]] where the gold rush created huge demands for both timber and beer.<ref name="adb-degraves" />

After Degraves' death, Cascade passed into the control of his eldest son, Henry Degraves. However, Henry Degraves died two years after his father and the management of the brewery passed to James Wilson, husband of Degraves' youngest daughter, Deborah Hope Degraves. Until 2020 it was owned by [[AB InBev]], through its Australian subsidiary [[Carlton & United Breweries]]. Cascade was included in the June 2020 purchase of Carlton & United by [[Asahi Breweries|Asahi]].<ref>[https://www.afr.com/companies/retail/asahi-buys-carlton-and-united-breweries-for-16b-20190719-p528xa Asahi buys Carlton & United Breweries for $16b] ''[[Australian Financial Review]]'' 19 July 2019</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220301164451/https://www.accc.gov.au/system/files/public-registers/documents/Asahi-CUB%20-%20Public%20Competition%20Assessment.pdf Asahi Group Holdings - proposed acquisition of Carlton & United Breweries] [[Australian Competition & Consumer Commission]] 18 May 2020</ref>  Cascade produces a range of [[beer]]s, [[cider|apple cider]] and non-alcoholic beverages including apple juice, blackcurrant syrup and [[carbonation|carbonated]] beverages.

In 1967 the building housing the brewery was almost completely destroyed by the bushfires that devastated south-east Tasmania. With a rebuild to commence in no time at all, the brewery was back up and running a mere three months later.<ref>Callum J. Jones {{cite web|title=The Cascade Brewery: A Short History|date=17 April 2020|publisher=[[Tasmanian Times]]|access-date=22 April 2020|url=https://tasmaniantimes.com/2020/04/the-cascade-brewery-a-short-history/}}</ref>

The image adopted for its label in 1987, [[Henry Constantine Richter]]'s nineteenth-century illustration of the [[Tasmanian Tiger]] is from [[John Gould]]'s ''[[The Mammals of Australia]]''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100205152506/http://www.abc.net.au/rn/ockhamsrazor/stories/2004/1130006.htm John Gould's place in Australian culture] [[Radio National]] 13 June 2004</ref>

Cascade is unique among Australian breweries and rare among breweries worldwide in that it operates its own maltings, producing [[malt]] for its mainstream beers (including Premium Lager and Pale Ale) from locally grown barley. Specialty malts for dark beers and the seasonal range are imported from mainland Australia and from overseas. The Cascade name is also given to the sporting event 'The Cascade Cup'.

The Cascade Brewery is designated on the [[Tasmanian Heritage Register]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://heritage.tas.gov.au/Documents/THROnline_Jan2021.pdf |title=Permanent and Provisional Registrations as at 22 Jan 2021 |access-date=2022-08-22 |publisher=Tasmanian Heritage Register |archive-date=24 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924092950/https://heritage.tas.gov.au/Documents/THROnline_Jan2021.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>