Editing Causative (section)

==Terminology==
Many authors have written extensively on causative constructions and have used a variety of terms, often to talk about the same things.

'''S''', '''A''', and '''O''' are terms used in [[morphosyntactic alignment]] to describe [[argument (linguistics)|arguments]] in a sentence. The subject of an [[intransitive verb]] is S, the agent of a transitive verb is A, and the object of a transitive is O. These terms are technically not abbreviations (anymore) for "[[subject (linguistics)|subject]]", "[[agent (linguistics)|agent]]", and "[[object (linguistics)|object]]", though they can usually be thought of that way. P is often used instead of O in many works.

The term '''underlying''' is used to describe sentences, phrases, or words that correspond to their causative versions. Often, this underlying sentence may not be explicitly stated. For example, for the sentence "'John made Bill drive the truck'", the underlying sentence would be ''Bill drove the truck''. This has also been called the '''base situation'''.<ref name=Lehmann>Lehmann, Christian (2013). "Latin causativization in typological perspective". In Lenoble, Muriel & Longrée, Dominique (eds.) (forthcoming), ''Actes du 13ème Colloque International de Linguistique Latine''. Louvain: Peeters.</ref>

A '''derived''' sentence would be the causativized variant of the underlying sentence.

The '''causer''' is the new argument in a causative expression that causes the action to be done. The causer is the new argument brought into a derived sentence. In the example sentence above, ''John'' is the causer.

The '''causee''' is the argument that actually does the action in a causativized sentence. It is usually present in both the underlying and derived sentences. ''Bill'' is the causee in the above example.