Editing Cell wall (section)

==History==
A plant cell wall was first observed and named (simply as a "wall") by [[Robert Hooke]] in 1665.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Hooke R | date = 1665 | title = Micrographia: or, Some physiological descriptions of minute bodies made by magnifying glasses | location = London | veditors = Martyn J, Allestry J | url = http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/15491 }}</ref> However, "the dead excrusion product of the living protoplast" was forgotten, for almost three centuries, being the subject of scientific interest mainly as a resource for industrial processing or in relation to animal or human health.<ref name="Sattelmacher_2000">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sattelmacher B | year = 2000 | title = The apoplast and its significance for plant mineral nutrition | journal = New Phytologist | volume = 149 | issue = 2| pages = 167–192 | doi=10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00034.x| pmid = 33874640 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

In 1804, [[Karl Rudolphi]] and [[Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link|J.H.F. Link]] proved that cells had independent cell walls.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Link HF | title = Grundlehren der anatomie und physiologie der pflanzen. | publisher = Danckwerts | date = 1807 | url =  http://www.mathnat.uni-rostock.de/geschichte/kalenderblatt/kalenderblatt-dezember-2013/ }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Baker JR | title = The Cell-Theory: A Restatement, History, and Critique: Part III. The Cell as a Morphological Unit. | journal = Journal of Cell Science | date = June 1952 | volume = 3 | issue = 22 | pages = 157–90 | doi = 10.1242/jcs.s3-93.22.157 | url = http://paperity.org/p/46837964/the-cell-theory-a-restatement-history-and-critique-part-iii-the-cell-as-a-morphological | url-access = subscription }}</ref> Before, it had been thought that cells shared walls and that fluid passed between them this way.

The mode of formation of the cell wall was controversial in the 19th century. [[Hugo von Mohl]] (1853, 1858) advocated the idea that the cell wall grows by apposition. [[Carl Nägeli]] (1858, 1862, 1863) believed that the growth of the wall in thickness and in area was due to a process termed intussusception. Each theory was improved in the following decades: the apposition (or lamination) theory by [[Eduard Strasburger]] (1882, 1889), and the intussusception theory by [[Julius Wiesner]] (1886).<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Sharp LW | date = 1921 | url = https://archive.org/details/introductiontocy032473mbp | title = Introduction To Cytology | location = New York | publisher = McGraw Hill | page = [https://archive.org/details/introductiontocy032473mbp/page/n38 25] }}</ref>

In 1930, [[Ernst Münch]] coined the term ''[[apoplast]]'' in order to separate the "living" [[symplast]] from the "dead" plant region, the latter of which included the cell wall.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Münch E | date = 1930 | title = Die Stoffbewegungen in der Pflanze | publisher = Verlag von Gustav Fischer | location = Jena }}</ref>

By the 1980s, some authors suggested replacing the term "cell wall", particularly as it was used for plants, with the more precise term "[[extracellular matrix]]", as used for animal cells,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Roberts K | title = The plant extracellular matrix: in a new expansive mood | journal = Current Opinion in Cell Biology | volume = 6 | issue = 5 | pages = 688–94 | date = October 1994 | pmid = 7833049 | doi = 10.1016/0955-0674(89)90074-4 }}</ref><ref name="Sattelmacher_2000" />{{rp|168}} but others preferred the older term.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Evert RF | date = 2006 | title = Esau's Plant Anatomy: Meristems, Cells, and Tissues of the Plant Body: Their Structure, Function, and Development | edition = 3rd | publisher = John Wiley & Sons, Inc | location = Hoboken, New Jersey | pages = 65–66 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=0DhEBA5xgbkC | isbn = 978-0-470-04737-8 }}</ref>