Editing Centerfire ammunition (section)

==History==
An early form of centerfire ammunition, without a percussion cap, was invented between 1808 and 1812 by [[Jean Samuel Pauly]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/2410/SSHT-0011_Lo_res.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y |website=DSpace Repository - Smithsonian Institution |title=Small Arms Ammunition at the International Exposition Philadelphia, 1876 |access-date=2015-10-19 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151229231059/https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/2410/SSHT-0011_Lo_res.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y |archive-date=2015-12-29 }}.</ref> This was also the first fully integrated cartridge and used a form of [[obturation]] employing the cartridge itself. Another form of centerfire ammunition was invented by the Frenchman Clement Pottet in 1829;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://firearmshistory.blogspot.co.uk/2010/05/cartridges-centrefire-cartridge.html|title=Cartridges: Centerfire cartridge|website=firearmshistory.blogspot.co.uk|access-date=4 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020000205/http://firearmshistory.blogspot.co.uk/2010/05/cartridges-centrefire-cartridge.html|archive-date=20 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=Westwood>{{cite book|last=Westwood|first=David|title=Rifles: An Illustrated History of Their Impact|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hLBTkNZ8U44C&pg=PA29|year=2005|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-401-1|page=29}}</ref> however, Pottet would not perfect his design until 1855. [[Stephen Vincent Benét (general)|U.S. General Stephen Vincent Benét]] developed an internally primed center-fire cartridge that was adopted by the U.S. Army Ordnance Department starting in 1868, ultimately being phased out in the mid 1880s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Clark |first1=Maj. Jerome |title=The Invention of the Central-Fire Primer |journal=The American Rifleman |date=May 1931 |pages=49}}</ref>

The centerfire cartridge was improved by Béatus Beringer, Benjamin Houllier, Gastinne Renette, Smith & Wesson, [[Charles William Lancaster|Charles Lancaster]], Jules-Félix Gévelot, George Morse, Francois Schneider, [[Hiram Berdan]] and [[Edward Mounier Boxer]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://forum.cartridgecollectors.org/t/want-to-buy-beatus-beringer-cartridges/52476|title=The International Ammunition Association Journal, issue 504|year=2015|page=14}}</ref><ref name=Westwood/><ref>{{cite book|title=Decisions of the Commissioner of Patents and of the United States Courts in Patent and Trade-mark and Copyright Cases|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uPBCAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA83|year=1875|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|page=83}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r5xbAAAAcAAJ&q=%22fusils+%C3%A0+bascule%22+Cartouche&pg=PA24|title = Description des machines et procedes specifies dans les brevets d'invention, de perfectionnement et d'importation, dont la duree est expirée|year = 1847}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0lIBAAAAQAAJ&q=Beringer+Cartridge&pg=PA176|title=Deanes' Manual of the History and Science of Fire-arms|last1=Deane|first1=John|year=1858}}</ref>