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Chadic languages
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==Composition== [[Paul Newman (linguist)|Paul Newman]] (1977) classified the languages into the four groups which have been accepted in all subsequent literature. Further subbranching, however, has not been as robust; [[Roger Blench]] (2006), for example, only accepts the A/B bifurcation of East Chadic.<ref>Blench, 2006. [http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131007050740/http://rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/AALIST.pdf |date=2013-10-07 }} (ms)</ref> Subsequent work by Joseph Lovestrand argues strongly that Kujarge is a valid member of East Chadic. The placing of Luri as a primary split of West Chadic is erroneous. Bernard Caron (2004) shows that this language is South Bauchi and part of the Polci cluster. A suggestion for including the [[language isolate]] [[Kujargé language|Kujargé]] as an early-diverged member, which subsequently became influenced by East Chadic, has been made by Blench (2008).<ref>Blench, Roger. 2008. [http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/Blench%20paper%20Cushitic%20symposium%20Paris%202008.pdf Links between Cushitic, Omotic, Chadic and the position of Kujarge] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222083514/http://www.rogerblench.info/Language/Afroasiatic/General/Blench%20paper%20Cushitic%20symposium%20Paris%202008.pdf |date=2019-12-22 }}. 5th International Conference of Cushitic and Omotic languages.</ref> {{tree list}} * '''Chadic''' ** '''[[West Chadic languages|West Chadic]]''' *** the [[Hausa language|Hausa]], [[Ron languages|Ron]], [[Bole languages|Bole]], and [[Angas languages]] *** the [[Bade languages|Bade]], [[Warji language|Warji]], and [[Zaar languages]] ** '''[[Biu–Mandara languages|Biu–Mandara]]''' (Central Chadic) *** the [[Bura language|Bura]], [[Kamwe language|Kamwe]], and [[Bata language|Bata]] languages, among other groups *** the [[Buduma language|Buduma]] and [[Musgu language|Musgu]] languages *** [[Gidar language|Gidar]] ** '''[[East Chadic languages|East Chadic]]''' *** the [[Tumak language|Tumak]], [[Nancere language|Nancere]], and [[Kera language|Kera]] languages *** the [[Dangaléat language|Dangaléat]], [[Mokilko language|Mukulu]], and [[Sokoro language|Sokoro]] languages ** '''[[Masa languages|Masa]]''' {{tree list/end}} [[File:Chadic Languages.jpg|thumb|left|700px|A chart of the Chadic branch of the Afroasiatic languages.]] {{Clear}}
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