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Chant
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==Chant as a spiritual practice== Chanting (e.g., [[mantra]], [[sacred text]], the [[Names of God|name of God/Spirit]], etc.) is a commonly used [[spiritual practice]]. Like [[prayer]], chanting may be a component of either personal or group practice. Diverse spiritual traditions consider chant a route to [[mysticism|spiritual development]]. [[File:Monks chanting, Drepung monastery, Tibet.webm|thumb|Monks chanting, Drepung monastery, Tibet, 2013]] Some examples include chant in [[Africa]]n, [[Hawaii]]an, [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]], [[Assyrian people|Assyrian]] and Australian Aboriginal cultures, [[Gregorian chant]], [[Vedic chant]], [[Qiraʼat|Quran reading]], [[Islamic]] [[Dhikr]], [[Baháʼí Faith|Baháʼí]] chants, various [[Buddhist chant]]s, various [[mantra]]s, [[Hebrew cantillation|Jewish cantillation]], [[Epicurean]] repetition of the Kyriai Doxai, and the chanting of [[psalms]] and prayers especially in [[Roman Catholic]] (see [[Gregorian chant]] or [[Taizé Community]]), [[Eastern Orthodox]] (see [[Byzantine chant]] or [[Znamenny chant]], for examples), [[Lutheran]], and [[Anglican]] churches (see [[Anglican Chant]]). Historical or mythological examples include chant in [[Seeress_(Germanic)#Chanting|Germanic paganism]]. Chant practices vary. In the [[Theravada]] tradition, chanting is usually done in [[Pali]], and mainly from [[Pāli Canon]]. [[Tibetan Buddhist]] chant involves [[Overtone singing|throat singing]], where multiple pitches are produced by each performer. The concept of chanting [[mantra]]s is of particular significance in many [[Hindu]] traditions and other closely related [[Indian religions]]. India's bhakti devotional tradition centers on [[kirtan]], which has a following in many countries and traditions such as [[Ananda Marga#Meditation, Lalita Marmika dance and Kirtan|Ananda Marga]]. The [[International Society for Krishna Consciousness|Hare Krishna]] movement is based especially on the chanting of [[Sanskrit]] [[Names of God]] in the [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] tradition and is sung from the ''[[Dan tien]]'' (or lower abdomen)—the locus of power in [[Eastern religion|Eastern traditions]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://upliftconnect.com/neuroscience-and-the-sanskrit-effect/ |title=Neuroscience and the 'Sanskrit Effect' |last=ReShel |first=Azriel |date=23 February 2018 |publisher=Uplift |access-date=13 January 2020}}</ref>
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