Editing Chemoreceptor (section)

==Cellular chemoreceptors==

===In prokaryotes===
Bacteria utilize complex long helical proteins as chemoreceptors, permitting signals to travel long distances across the cell's membrane. Chemoreceptors allow bacteria to react to chemical stimuli in their environment and regulate their movement accordingly.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Samanta |first1=Dipanjan |last2=P. Borbat |first2=Peter |last3=Dzikovski |first3=Boris |last4=H. Freed |first4=Jack |last5=R. Crane |first5=Brian |date=9 February 2015 |title=Bacterial chemoreceptor dynamics correlate with activity state and are coupled over long distances |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |volume=112 |issue=8 |pages=2455–2460 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1414155112 |pmid=25675479 |pmc=4345563 |bibcode=2015PNAS..112.2455S |doi-access=free }}</ref> In [[archaea]], [[Cell surface receptor|transmembrane receptors]] comprise only 57% of chemoreceptors, while in bacteria the percentage rises to 87%. This is an indicator that chemoreceptors play a heightened role in the sensing of [[cytosol]]ic signals in archaea.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Krell |first=Tino |date=1 April 2007 |title=Exploring the (Almost) Unknown: Archaeal Two-Component Systems |journal=Journal of Bacteriology |volume=200 |issue=7 |doi=10.1128/JB.00774-17 |pmc=5847645 |pmid=29339416 }}</ref>

===In eukaryotes===
[[Primary cilia]], present in many types of mammalian [[cell (biology)|cells]], serve as ''cellular antennae''.<ref name="Satir2008">{{cite journal |doi=10.1007/s00418-008-0416-9 |pmid=18365235 |pmc=2386530 |title=Structure and function of mammalian cilia |journal=Histochemistry and Cell Biology |volume=129 |issue=6 |pages=687–93 |year=2008 |last1=Satir |first1=Peter |last2=Christensen |first2=Søren T. }}</ref> The motile function of these cilia is lost in favour of their sensory specialization.<ref>{{Cite book |last=R. Mitchell |first=David |title=Eukaryotic Membranes and Cytoskeleton |chapter=The Evolution of Eukaryotic Cilia and Flagella as Motile and Sensory Organelles |series=Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology |date=10 April 2012 |volume=607 |pages=130–140 |doi=10.1007/978-0-387-74021-8_11 |pmc=3322410 |pmid=17977465 |isbn=978-0-387-74020-1 }}</ref>