Editing China Radio International (section)

== History ==

[[Radio in China|Radio]] was first introduced in China in the 1920s and 1930s. However, few households had radio receivers. A few cities had commercial stations. Most usage of radio was for political purpose, frequently on a local area level.{{cn|date=May 2024}}

The [[Chinese Communist Party]] first used radio in [[Yan'an|Yanan]] Shaanxi Province in March 1940 with a transmitter imported from [[Moscow]]. [[Xinhua]] New Chinese Radio (XNCR) went on the air from Yanan on December 30, 1940. XNCR transmitted to a larger geographical area after 1945, and its programs became more regular and formalized with broadcasts of news, official announcements, war bulletins, and art and literary programs.{{cn|date=May 2024}}

The English service started on September 11, 1947, transmitting as XNCR from a cave in [[Shahe, Hebei|Shahe]] in the [[Taihang Mountains]],<ref>"[https://archive.today/20131116074301/http://english.cri.cn/6909/2011/11/25/2941s668956.htm CRI Marks China's First English Radio Show]." ([https://archive.today/20131116074301/http://english.cri.cn/6909/2011/11/25/2941s668956.htm Archive]) CRI English. November 25, 2011. Retrieved on November 16, 2013.</ref> when China was in the midst of a civil war, to announce newly conquered areas and broadcast a Chinese political and cultural perspective to the world at large.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Chang |first=Won Ho |title=Mass Media in China: The History and the Future |date=1989-01-01 |publisher=Iowa State Pr |isbn=978-0-8138-0272-5 |location=Ann Arbor |pages=151–152 |language=English}}</ref><ref>China Radio International, [https://archive.today/20120711003856/http://english.cri.cn/about/history.htm History and Milestones: CRI English Service] ([https://archive.today/20131116074500/http://english.cri.cn/about/history.htm Archive])</ref> The station moved from the Taihang Mountains to the capital, [[Beijing|Peking]], when The People's Republic of China was formed in 1949. Its name was changed to Radio Peking on April 10, 1950, and to Radio Beijing in 1983. 

In April 1950, it began began broadcasting for listeners in Vietnam, Thailand, Burma, Indonesia, and in four dialects for [[overseas Chinese]] throughout [[East Asia]].<ref name=":23232">{{Cite book |last=Xu |first=Lanjun |title=Mao's Little Red Book: A Global History |date=2013 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-107-05722-7 |editor-last=Cook |editor-first=Alexander C. |location=Cambridge |pages= |chapter=Translation and Internationalism}}</ref>{{Rp|page=91}} 

Radio Peking's influence and capacity grew from 1957 to 1967.<ref name=":23232" />{{Rp|page=91}} By 1967, it was broadcasting 21 hours per week to [[East Africa]].<ref name=":2323">{{Cite book |last=Lal |first=Priya |title=Mao's Little Red Book: A Global History |date=2013 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-107-05722-7 |editor-last=Cook |editor-first=Alexander C. |location=Cambridge |pages= |chapter=Maoism in Tanzania: Material Connections and Shared Imaginiaries}}</ref>{{Rp|page=108}}

During the Cultural Revolution, it canceled many of its regular programs and focused on broadcasting [[Mao Zedong]]'s works.<ref name=":23232" />{{Rp|page=91}}

On January 1, 1993, the name of the station was again changed, this time to China Radio International, in order to avoid any confusion with local Beijing radio broadcasting. Its online broadcasting platform: China International Broadcasting Network (CIBN) was formally established in 2011, as a joint venture of China Radio International, [[Huawen Media Investment]], JinZhengYuan, [[Youku]], Oriental Times Media and [[Suning Holdings Group]].{{cn|date=May 2024}}

Radio Peking began exchanges with [[Voice of America]] in 1982.<ref name=":Li">{{Cite book |last=Li |first=Hongshan |title=Fighting on the Cultural Front: U.S.-China Relations in the Cold War |date=2024 |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |isbn=9780231207058 |location=New York, NY |pages=326 |doi=10.7312/li--20704 |jstor=10.7312/li--20704}}</ref> Voice of American had opened a bureau in Beijing the previous year.<ref name=":Li" />

A 2015 investigative report by [[Reuters]] found a network of at least 33 radio stations in 14 countries that obscures CRI as its majority shareholder. A significant portion of the programming on these stations is either produced or provided by CRI, or by media firms CRI controls in the United States, Australia, and Europe.<ref name="Reuters" />

In February 2020, the [[United States Department of State]] designated CRI and other Chinese state-owned media outlets as [[Diplomatic mission|foreign missions]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Jakes |first1=Lara |last2=Myers |first2=Steven Lee |date=2020-02-18 |title=U.S. Designates China's Official Media as Operatives of the Communist State |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/18/world/asia/china-media-trump.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324074500/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/18/world/asia/china-media-trump.html |archive-date=2020-03-24 |access-date=2020-05-29 |work=[[The New York Times]] |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

CRI has focused on forging commercial partnerships, particularly in Europe, in which its content is broadcast without attribution to CRI.<ref name=":0" /> According to a 2023 [[discourse analysis]] by the [[Central European Digital Media Observatory]], CRI's content steers clear of any criticism of the Chinese government.<ref name=":0" />