Editing Chlorophyll (section)

==History==
Chlorophyll was first isolated and named by [[Joseph Bienaimé Caventou]] and [[Pierre Joseph Pelletier]] in 1817.<ref>See:
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Delépine M | author-link = :fr:Marcel Delépine | date = September 1951 | title = Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Caventou | journal = [[Journal of Chemical Education]] | volume = 28 | issue = 9 | page = 454 | doi = 10.1021/ed028p454 | bibcode = 1951JChEd..28..454D }}
*  {{cite journal | vauthors = Pelletier PJ, Caventou JB | date = 1817 | url = https://archive.org/stream/journaldepharma22unkngoog#page/n444/mode/2up | title = Notice sur la matière verte des feuilles | trans-title = Notice on the green material in leaves | language = French | journal = Journal de Pharmacie | volume = 3 | pages = 486–491 }} On p. 490, the authors propose a new name for chlorophyll. From p. 490: ''"Nous n'avons aucun droit pour nommer une substance connue depuis long-temps, et à l'histoire de laquelle nous n'avons ajouté que quelques faits ; cependant nous proposerons, sans y mettre aucune importance, le nom de ''chlorophyle'', de ''chloros'', couleur, et ''{{math|φύλλον}}'', feuille : ce nom indiquerait le rôle qu'elle joue dans la nature."''  (We have no right to name a substance [that has been] known for a long time, and to whose story we have added only a few facts ; however, we will propose, without giving it any importance, the name ''chlorophyll'', from ''chloros'', color, and {{math|φύλλον}}, leaf :  this name would indicate the role that it plays in nature.)</ref>
The presence of [[magnesium]] in chlorophyll was discovered in 1906,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Willstätter R | date = 1906 | title = Zur Kenntniss der Zusammensetzung des Chlorophylls | trans-title = Contribution to the knowledge of the composition of chlorophyll | language = de | journal = Annalen der Chemie | volume = 350 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 48–82 | doi = 10.1002/jlac.19063500103 | quote = From p. 49: ''"Das Hauptproduct der alkalischen Hydrolyse bilden tiefgrüne Alkalisalze. In ihnen liegen complexe Magnesiumverbindungen vor, die das Metall in einer gegen Alkali auch bei hoher Temperatur merkwürdig widerstandsfähigen Bindung enthalten."'' (Deep green alkali salts form the main product of alkali hydrolysis. In them, complex magnesium compounds are present, which contain the metal in a bond that is extraordinarily resistant to alkali even at high temperature.) | url = http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva.x002455980;view=1up;seq=436}}</ref> and was the first detection of that element in living tissue.<ref name="motilva">{{Cite book | vauthors = Motilva MJ | contribution = Chlorophylls{{Snd}} from functionality in food to health relevance | year = 2008 | title = 5th Pigments in Food congress- for quality and health | publisher = University of Helsinki | type = Print | isbn = 978-952-10-4846-3 }}</ref>

After initial work done by German chemist [[Richard Willstätter]] spanning from 1905 to 1915, the general structure of chlorophyll ''a'' was elucidated by [[Hans Fischer]] in 1940. By 1960, when most of the [[stereochemistry]] of chlorophyll ''a'' was known, [[Robert Burns Woodward]] published a total synthesis of the molecule.<ref name="motilva"/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Woodward RB, Ayer WA, Beaton JM, Bickelhaupt F, Bonnett R, Buchschacher P, Closs G, Dutler H, Hannah J, Hauck F, Itô S, Langemann A, Le Goff E, Leimgruber W, Lwowski W, Sauer J, Valenta Z, Volz H |date=July 1960|title=The total synthesis of chlorophyll|journal=[[Journal of the American Chemical Society]]|volume=82|issue=14|pages=3800–3802|doi=10.1021/ja01499a093|url=http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1961/pdf/0203x0383.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110410023814/http://media.iupac.org/publications/pac/1961/pdf/0203x0383.pdf |archive-date=2011-04-10 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1967, the last remaining stereochemical elucidation was completed by [[Ian Fleming (chemist)|Ian Fleming]],<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fleming I |author-link=Ian Fleming (chemist) |date=14 October 1967 |title=Absolute Configuration and the Structure of Chlorophyll |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=216 |issue=5111 |pages=151–152 |s2cid=4262313 |doi=10.1038/216151a0 |bibcode = 1967Natur.216..151F }}</ref> and in 1990 Woodward and co-authors published an updated synthesis.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Woodward RB, Ayer WA, Beaton JM, Bickelhaupt F, Bonnett R, Buchschacher P, Closs GL, Dutler H, Hannah J, Hauck FP, Itǒ S, Langemann A, Le Goff E, Leimgruber W, Lwowski W, Sauer J, Valenta Z, Volz H |year=1990|title=The total synthesis of chlorophyll ''a''|journal=[[Tetrahedron (journal)|Tetrahedron]] |volume=46 |issue=22 |pages=7599–7659 |doi=10.1016/0040-4020(90)80003-Z }}</ref> [[Chlorophyll f|Chlorophyll ''f'']] was announced to be present in [[cyanobacteria]] and other oxygenic microorganisms that form [[stromatolites]] in 2010;<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Jabr F | date = August 2010 | url = http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=new-form-chlorophyll | title = A New Form of Chlorophyll? | journal = Scientific American }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19338-infrared-chlorophyll-could-boost-solar-cells.html | title = Infrared chlorophyll could boost solar cells. | work = New Scientist | date = 19 August 2010 | access-date = 15 April 2012 }}</ref> a molecular formula of C<sub>55</sub>H<sub>70</sub>O<sub>6</sub>N<sub>4</sub>Mg and a structure of (2-[[formyl]])-chlorophyll ''a'' were deduced based on NMR, optical and mass spectra.<ref name=ChlF>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chen M, Schliep M, Willows RD, Cai ZL, Neilan BA, Scheer H | title = A red-shifted chlorophyll | journal = Science | volume = 329 | issue = 5997 | pages = 1318–9 | date = September 2010 | pmid = 20724585 | doi = 10.1126/science.1191127 | bibcode = 2010Sci...329.1318C | s2cid = 206527174 }}</ref>