Editing Chrism (section)

== Name ==

The English ''chrism'' derives from [[Koine Greek]] via [[Latin]] and [[Old French]]. In Greek, ''khrîsma'' ({{lang|grc|χρῖσμα}}) was originally the [[verbal noun]] ("(the act of) anointing", "[[unction]]") of {{lang|grc|[[wikt:χρίω|χρίειν]]}} ("[[anointing|anoint]]").<ref name=oed>''Oxford English Dictionary'', 1st&nbsp;ed. "chrism, ''n.''" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1889.</ref> By extension, along with ''khrîma'' ({{lang|grc|χρῖμα}}), ''khrîstai'' ({{lang|grc|χρῖσται}}), and later ''khrísma'' ({{lang|grc|χρίσμα}}), it came to be used for the [[anointing]] oil or ointment itself. ''Khrísma'' came into Latin as ''{{lang|la|chrisma}}'', which appears in the works of [[Tertullian]]. This was adopted directly into [[Old English]] as ''{{lang|ang|crisma}}'', which developed into [[Middle English]] ''{{lang|enm|crisme}}'' and various related spellings.<ref name=oed/> In [[Old French]], the original Latin was conflated with ''{{lang|la|cramum}}'' ("cream"), developing into ''{{lang|fro|cresme}}'', which was also borrowed into [[Middle English]] around 1300 as ''{{lang|enm|creme}}'' and various related spellings. The spelling ''chrism'' after the Latin original was generally adopted in the 16th century, after which "[[cream]]" came to be restricted to its present meaning.<ref name=oed/>

The [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] root from which the Greek term derived has been [[linguistic reconstruction|reconstructed]] as ''*gʰrey-'' ("to trickle"). This is cognate with [[Sanskrit]] ''ghṛtə'' ({{lang|sa|घृत}}, from the radix {{lang|sa|घृ}} ({{lang|sa|भासे}} / {{lang|sa|क्षरणे}} / {{lang|sa|छादने}}), which means to shine / to trickle / to cover) and [[Hindi]] {{Transliteration|hi|ghī}} ({{lang|hi|घी}}, "[[ghee]]"), as well as [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] ''{{lang|lt|gr(i)ejù, griẽti}}'' ("[[skim milk|skim]]ming"), [[Middle Low German]] ''{{lang|nds|grēme}}'' ("[[dirt|grime]]"), [[Old English]] ''{{lang|ang|grīma}}'' ("mask, helm, spectre", presumably from an original sense of "covering" or "concealment"), English ''grime'', and possibly [[Phrygian language|Phrygian]] ''{{lang|xpg|gegreimenan}}'' ("painted, ornamented, inscribed").{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}

Chrism is also called myron<ref>For more about Myron or Holy Myron read this page from the Orthodox Syrian Church at https://mosc.in/the_church/the-holy-myron/</ref> or [[myrrh]]. Myron is an oil that is blessed by a bishop.<ref>See 5th paragraph. Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Southern United States, "When and why did the church decide that the Holy Spirit be received through the Holy Myron instead of simply by the "laying of hands" as the Apostles did?"  https://www.suscopts.org/q&a/index.php?qid=694&catid=191 Accessed April 6, 2024</ref>