Editing Chronogram (section)

==Roman numerals==
Chronograms from the [[Roman Empire]] are reported but not confirmed.  The earliest confirmed chronograms using Roman numerals were devised in the mid 14th century but retrospective chronograms which express earlier dates are known.<ref>Chronograms, 5000 and More in Number, James Hilton, google books, page vi.</ref> Chronograms were particularly popular during the [[Renaissance]], when chronograms were often used on [[headstone|tombstones]] and foundation stones to mark the date of the event being commemorated. They were popular during the Baroque as well.  In 1711, Joseph Addison compared chronograms to "[[anagram]]s and [[acrostic]]s".<ref>Chronograms, 5000 and More in Number, James Hilton, google books, page xi.</ref> Examples include:

[[File:chronogram Dolany.jpg|left|thumb|Chronogram at a statue in [[Dolany (Olomouc District)|Dolany]], Czech Republic.<br>'''In honoreM<br> InsIgnIs athLetae<br> DIVI fLorIanI<br> IneXstrVCta'''<br>1729]]

[[File:chronogram Unicov.jpg|thumb|Chronogram at cross in [[Uničov]], Czech Republic.<br>'''TVrpIs aMor VeXat<br> ChrIstI DILeCtIo'''<br> '''sanat <br>aD CrVCeM pLan-<br> gens eXVo tVrpe<br> nefas'''<br>1775]]

[[File:ChronogrHildesheim.jpg|thumb|Chronogram above the entrance of the [[Hospital of the Five Wounds, Hildesheim|Hospital of the Five Wounds]] in [[Hildesheim]], Germany. <br>'''CV'''ra Bon'''I'''fa'''CII''', Pr'''IM'''o, Q'''V'''o Praef'''VI'''t Anno Abbas Spe'''C'''tatos '''C'''o'''LL'''o'''C'''at Hos'''C'''e '''L'''ares. 1770.]]

*''My Day Closed Is In Immortality'' is a chronogram commemorating the death of Queen [[Elizabeth I of England]]. The initial letters of the words read MDCIII, which corresponds to 1603, the year of Elizabeth's death.
*''ChrIstVs DuX ergo trIVMphVs'' ("Christ the Leader so a triumph"), on a coin struck by Gustavus Adolphus in 1627, gives MDCXVVVII or 1627.<ref>The History of Mathematics, [[Anne Rooney]], page 21.</ref> Although chronograms are relatively scarce on coins, many inscriptions on medals incorporate chronograms.<ref>Chronograms, 5000 and More in Number, James Hilton, google books, page vii.</ref>
*In a work entitled ''Hugo Grotius his Sophompaneas'', published in 1652, the date is indicated by the author's name: ''FranCIs GoLDsMIth''. This gives MDCLII or 1652.
*An example of a short chronogram is on the monument commemorating the 1764 Massacre at Madéfalva in Transsylvania. The script [[Siculicidium]] (in Latin, meaning "murder of Székelys") written SICVLICIDIVM, gives exactly 1764.{{efn|1=1 (I) + 100 (C) + 5 (V) + 50 (L) + 1 (I) + 100 (C) + 1 (I) + 500 (D) + 1 (I) + 5 (V) + 1000 (M) = 1764}} Only the beginning letter "S" is not used from the one-word chronogram.

Many lengthy examples of chronograms can be found in Germany and the countries that had been part of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], such as Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia. These often commemorate the building of houses in the form of prayers or quotations from the Bible. For instance, ''S'''V'''RGE O '''I'''EHO'''V'''A ATQ'''V'''E '''DI'''SPERGE '''I'''N'''IMIC'''OS T'''V'''OS'' ("Rise, oh Jehovah, and destroy your enemies", a slightly altered version of [[Psalm]] 68:2) gives 1625 as the year of building. One double chronogram, in Latin and English, on the year 1642, reads, "'TV DeVs IaM propItIVs sIs regI regnoqVe hVIC VnIVerso." – "O goD noVV sheVV faVoVr to the kIng anD thIs VVhoLe LanD."<ref>Cited in ''The Wordsworth Dictionary of Phrase & Fable'', Wordsworth, 1994</ref> The English sentence demonstrates that the origin of the letter '''w''' as a double '''v''' or '''u''' was recognised historically.
In [[Hildesheim]] in the North of Germany, the inscription "'''CV'''ra Bon'''I'''fa'''CII''', Pr'''IM'''o, Q'''V'''o Praef'''VI'''t Anno Abbas Spe'''C'''tatos '''C'''o'''LL'''o'''C'''at Hos '''C'''e'''L'''ares " showing the year 1770 can be read above the entrance of the [[Hospital of Five Wounds, Hildesheim|Hospital of Five Wounds]] which was built in the year indicated.

Modern (1993) stealth chronogram under the balcony of the [[Grand Ducal Palace, Luxembourg]]

[[File:Chronogram-grand-ducal-palace-luxembourg-far.jpg|300px]]
[[File:Chronogram-grand-ducal-palace-luxembourg-zoom.jpg|240px]]