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Cimbalom
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==History== {{See also|Hammered dulcimer}} {{See also|Santur}} The modern Hungarian concert cimbalom was designed and created by [[József Schunda|V. Josef Schunda]] in 1874 in [[Budapest]] based on his modifications to existing folk dulcimers.<ref name="Gifford 115-6" /> He demonstrated an early prototype with some improvements at the [[1873 Vienna World's Fair]], gaining praise from audiences and drawing the attention of highly-placed Hungarian politicians such as [[József Zichy]], [[Gyula Andrássy]], and [[Franz Joseph I of Austria|King Franz Joseph]].<ref name="Schunda 18-9">{{cite book |last1=Schunda |first1=V. József |title=A czimbalom: Története |date=1906 |publisher=Buschmann |location=Budapest |pages=18–9 |url=http://mek.oszk.hu/06100/06116/index.phtml |language=hu}}</ref> He then continued to work to modify and improve his design. He extended the length of the strings and redesigned the position of the bridges to improve the tone and musical range.<ref name="Schunda 17">{{cite book |last1=Schunda |first1=V. József |title=A czimbalom: Története |date=1906 |publisher=Buschmann |location=Budapest |page=17 |url=http://mek.oszk.hu/06100/06116/index.phtml |language=hu}}</ref> He added heavy dampers which would allow a greater degree of control over the ringing of the strings, and a metal brace inside the instrument which would increase its stability.<ref name="Gifford 115-6" /> Four detachable legs were added to support this much larger instrument; its folkloric predecessors had usually been played on a barrel or table.<ref name="Gifford 115-6" /> Schunda began serial production of his concert cimbalom in 1874, manufacturing them in a piano shop located on [[Hajós utca]], across the street from the [[Budapest Opera House]] in [[Pest, Hungary|Pest]].<ref name="Baran 1999 21">{{cite book |last=Baran |first=Taras |title=The Cimbalom World| publisher=Lviv: Svit |year=1999 |page=21 |isbn=5-7773-0425-7 }}</ref> He also started to develop a playing method and school to popularize his new instrument, eventually recruiting [[Géza Allaga]], a prominent musician and pedagogue, to publish method books.<ref name="Schunda 21-2">{{cite book |last1=Schunda |first1=V. József |title=A czimbalom: Története |date=1906 |publisher=Buschmann |location=Budapest |pages=21–2 |url=http://mek.oszk.hu/06100/06116/index.phtml |language=hu}}</ref><ref name="Gifford 115-6" /> Prominent Hungarian musicians such as [[Franz Liszt]] became increasingly interested in the instrument and its possibilities. The instrument quickly became popular among the [[Bourgeoisie]] as well as [[Hungarian Gypsies|Roma]] musicians, and by 1906 Schunda had produced over ten thousand instruments.<ref name="Gifford 115-6" /> Walter Zev Feldman took to reintroducing the instrument for Jewish folk music and derivatives in the 1970s.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Feldman |first1=Walter |title=Klezmer: music, history and memory |date=2016 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York, NY |isbn=978-0-19-024451-4 |page=101 |quote=The reintroduction of the cimbalom into klezmer music was the work of the present writer in the 1970s.}}</ref> [[File:Cimbalom - Vencel József Schunda.JPG|250px|left|thumb |Concert cimbalom with a range of C to e′′′ made by [[József Schunda|Vencel József Schunda]].]]
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