Editing Cinram (section)

== History ==
Cinram was established in 1969 in a [[Montreal]] basement<ref name=":0" /> by Isidore Philosophe and Samuel Sokoloff.<ref>http://investors.cinram.com/FAQ.aspx#a {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403043021/http://investors.cinram.com/FAQ.aspx#a |date=April 3, 2009 }}</ref> The company started manufacturing pre-recorded eight-track tapes and cassettes in 1969 in the basement of a commercial building in Montreal.  More than three decades later, in 2003, the company completed a US$1.1 billion purchase of the music- and movie-manufacturing assets ([[WEA Manufacturing]]) of New York media giant [[Time Warner]]. Also that year, it bought the United States manufacturing operations of [[EMI]] and, later, Universal Media & Logistics France from [[Universal Music Group]].

Cinram opened its first CD plant in 1987, when records and cassettes were still dominant.  In the 1990s, the company started investing in manufacturing operations in Europe, and in 1997, when video-store racks were still filled with VHS tapes, Cinram formed a joint venture with Pacific Ocean Post (POP) to form "Cinram DVD Center POP" and began producing DVDs for movie studios and software CDs.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/1997/scene/vpage/pop-cinram-in-dvd-pact-1117433809/|title=POP, Cinram in DVD pact|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=January 7, 1997|accessdate=March 19, 2021}}</ref>

=== Bankruptcy ===
The company's fortunes began to decline with the rise of online streaming services.<ref name=":0" /> In 2010, Cinram lost its major contract for distributing [[Warner Bros.]] movies, and its stock began to fall.<ref>{{Cite news|title = DVD maker Cinram strikes deal for private buyout|url = https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/streetwise/dvd-maker-cinram-strikes-deal-for-private-buyout/article4369520/|website = The Globe and Mail| date=25 June 2012 |publisher = |accessdate = 2015-12-01}}</ref> In 2012, the company sought bankruptcy protection from its creditors in the United States.<ref name=":0" /> It was bought by private investment firm Najafi Companies.<ref name=":0" /> In 2014, the company ended its manufacturing operations in Toronto.<ref name=":0" /> That year, it bought JVC America from [[JVC Kenwood]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title = 100 workers to lose jobs as Cinram shuts plant in Tuscaloosa County|url = http://www.tuscaloosanews.com/article/20150106/NEWS/150109801|website = TuscaloosaNews.com|accessdate = 2015-12-01}}</ref> In 2015, it shut its [[Huntsville, Alabama]] manufacturing plant.<ref name=":1" />

On November 3, 2015, Paris-based [[Technicolor SA]] announced that it would acquire Cinram.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.technicolor.com/news/technicolor-confirms-expansion-its-packaged-media-activities-north-america|title=Technicolor Confirms The Expansion of its Packaged Media Activities in North America|publisher=Technicolor SA|date=November 13, 2015|accessdate=March 19, 2021}}</ref>

In 2017, Cinram closed down its European manufacturing plant at [[Alsdorf]] in [[Germany]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aachener-nachrichten.de/lokales/nordkreis/letzte-schicht-bei-cinram-nach-41-jahren_aid-24839347|title=Letzte Schicht bei Cinram nach 41 Jahren|website=aachener-nachrichten.de|date=July 31, 2017|accessdate=June 12, 2022}}</ref> and in 2018, it shut its [[Olyphant, Pennsylvania]] manufacturing plant.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wnep.com/article/news/local/lackawanna-county/former-wea-cinram-plant-to-close/523-5e665d4c-e5e7-479c-a274-3bfd922de420|title=Former WEA, Cinram Plant to Close|website=[[WNEP-TV]]|date=January 17, 2018|accessdate=March 19, 2021}}</ref>