Editing Cláudio Hummes (section)

== Biography ==
{{More sources|section|date=July 2022}}
=== Early life and education ===
Hummes was born Auri Alfonso Hummes in the village of [[Batinga Sul, Rio Grande do Sul|Batinga Sul]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Risen |first=Clay |date=2022-07-13 |title=Cardinal Cláudio Hummes, Close Ally of Pope Francis, Dies at 87 |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/07/13/world/americas/cardinal-claudio-hummes-dead.html |access-date=2022-07-16 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> to Pedro Adão Hummes, a [[German-Brazilian]], and Maria Frank, a German. Taking the name Cláudio upon his profession as a [[Franciscan]], he was [[Holy Orders|ordained]] to the priesthood on 3 August 1958 by Archbishop [[João Resende Costa]]. He obtained a doctorate in philosophy in 1963 from the [[Pontifical University Antonianum]] in [[Rome]].

From 1963 until 1968, he taught philosophy at the Franciscan [[seminary]] in [[Garibaldi]], the major seminary of [[Viamão]], and at the Pontifical Catholic University of Porto Alegre. He then studied at the Ecumenical Institute of Bossey in [[Geneva]], Switzerland, where he received a specialization in [[Catholic Church and ecumenism|ecumenism]]. He was adviser for ecumenical affairs to the [[Episcopal Conference of Brazil]], [[Provincial Superior]] of the Franciscans of [[Rio Grande do Sul]] (1972–1975), and president of the Union of Latin American Conferences of Franciscans.

Along with his native [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] he speaks [[Riograndenser Hunsrückisch]], a regional German dialect of south.

===Bishop===
On 22 March 1975, he was appointed [[Coadjutor Bishop]] of [[Santo André]] and [[Titular Bishop]] of [[Carcabia]]. Hummes received his [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|episcopal consecration]] on the following 25 May from Archbishop [[Aloísio Lorscheider]], [[Franciscan|OFM]], with Bishops Mauro Morelli and Urbano Allgayer serving as [[Consecrator|co-consecrators]]. He succeeded Jorge de Oliveira as Bishop of Santo André on 29 December of that same year. Hummes allowed the [[Trade union|labour unions]] to meet in [[Parish (Catholic Church)|parishes]] throughout his [[diocese]], going against the [[dictatorship in Brazil]] at the time. It was here that he began his support for [[liberation theology]], and forged his friendship with the union boss at the time, [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]]. On 29 May 1996 he was promoted to Archbishop of [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Fortaleza|Fortaleza]] and was then transferred to São Paulo on 15 April 1998.
{{Infobox cardinal styles
|cardinal name=Cláudio Hummes
|dipstyle=[[His Eminence]]
|offstyle=Your Eminence
|relstyle=[[Monsignor]]
|image=Coat of arms of Claudio Hummes.svg
|image_size = 200px
|See=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of São Paulo|São Paulo]] ([[Emeritus]])
|deathstyle=
}}

==== Cardinal ====
Hummes was created [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal-Priest]] of [[Sant'Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana|S. Antonio da Padova in Via Merulana]] by [[Pope John Paul II]] in the [[Papal consistory|consistory]] of 21 February 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/it/homilies/2001/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_20010221_concistoro.html|title=Concistoro Ordinario Pubblico per la creazione dei nuovi Cardinali|author=Pope John Paul II|author-link=Pope John Paul II|date=21 February 2001|publisher=[[Vatican Publishing House|Libreria Editrica Vaticana]]|at=Assegnazione dei Titoli o delle Diaconie ai nuovi Cardinali|language=it|trans-title=Ordinary Public Consistory for the creation of new Cardinals|type=Homily|access-date=16 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108120426/http://w2.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/it/homilies/2001/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_20010221_concistoro.html|archive-date=8 January 2018|url-status=live|via=the [[Holy See]]}}</ref> He later preached the [[Lent]]en [[Spiritual practice|spiritual exercises]] for John Paul II and the [[Roman Curia]] in 2002. One of the [[Cardinal electors in Papal conclave, 2005|cardinal electors]] who participated in the [[Papal conclave, 2005|2005 papal conclave]] that selected [[Pope Benedict XVI]], Hummes was often mentioned as a possible [[Papabile|successor]] to [[Pope John Paul II]].<ref>{{cite news | access-date = 7 July 2022 | url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/apr/11/catholicism.religion | work = The Guardian | title = Portuguese patriarch is dark horse papal candidate | date = 10 April 2005 | first = Stephen | last = Bates }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | access-date = 7 July 2022 | work = Chicago Tribune | title = Bets Taken on Next Pope | url = https://www.dailypress.com/news/dp-xpm-20041107-2004-11-07-0411070043-story.html | date = 7 November 2004}}</ref>

Hummes was a member of [[Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments]], [[Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith]], [[Congregation for Bishops]], [[Congregation for Catholic Education]], [[Pontifical Council for the Laity]], [[Pontifical Council for the Family]], Pontifical Council ''Cor Unum'', [[Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue]], [[Pontifical Council for Culture]], [[Pontifical Commission for Latin America]], X Ordinary Council of the General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops, Council of Cardinals for the Study of Organizational, and [[Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See]].

On 31 October 2006, [[Pope Benedict XVI]] appointed Hummes to head the [[Congregation for the Clergy]].<ref>{{cite press release | access-date = 9 May 2019 |language= it | url = http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2006/10/31/0542/01545.html | date = 31 October 2006 | publisher = [[Holy See Press Office]] | title = Rinunce e Nomine, 31.10.2006}}</ref> He accepted his resignation from that post on 7 October 2010.<ref>{{cite press release | url = https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2010/10/07/0603/01363.html | language = it | publisher = Holy See Press Office | date = 7 October 2010 | access-date = 5 July 2022 | title = Rinunce e Nomine, 07.10.2010 }}</ref>

In 2013 he served as one of the 115 cardinals in the [[Papal conclave, 2013|conclave]] that elected [[Pope Francis]].<ref>{{cite news |url = https://zenit.org/articles/list-of-cardinal-electors/|  work = Zenit |access-date = 10 May 2019 | title = List of Cardinal Electors| date= 12 March 2013}}</ref><ref name="YouTube procession">{{cite AV media | title = Procession and entrance in Conclave | medium = Television production | language = it | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTtzyr5sBkc | access-date = 11 September 2014 | date = 12 March 2013 | publisher = Centro Televisivo Vaticano | location = Rome}}</ref> When the new pope won the conclave ballot, Hummes whispered to him, "Don't forget the poor". Francis said that immediately he remembered [[Francis of Assisi]], "the man of poverty, the man of peace, the man who loves and protects creation," and "the name Francis came into my heart".  When Francis appeared on the balcony shortly after his election, Hummes was among the cardinals who accompanied the new pope and stood beside him at his immediate left on the balcony.<ref name="HabemusPapam">{{cite AV media | title = Habemus Papam, Franciscus | medium = Television production | language = it | url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fd5kNiBp1Lg | access-date = 14 August 2014 | date = 13 March 2013 | publisher = Centro Televisivo Vaticano | location = Rome }}</ref><ref name="CN">{{cite web|url=http://www.catholicnews.com/services/englishnews/2013/pope-francis-explains-why-he-chose-st-francis-of-assisi-s-name.cfm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008081042/http://www.catholicnews.com/services/englishnews/2013/pope-francis-explains-why-he-chose-st-francis-of-assisi-s-name.cfm|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 October 2017|title=Pope Francis explains why he chose St. Francis of Assisi's name|publisher =[[Catholic News Service]]|first=Cindy|last=Wooden|date=16 March 2013|access-date=10 July 2016}}</ref>

A year later, Hummes was appointed honorary president of the [[Pan-Amazonian Ecclesial Network]] (REPAM), established in 2014 in Brasilia, Brazil, during a meeting of bishops whose territories include Amazon regions, priests, missionaries of congregations who work in the Amazon jungle, and national representatives of [[Caritas Brazil|Caritas]] and laypeople belonging to various Church bodies. In his message, he reiterated that the creation of the Pan-Amazon Ecclesial Network "represents a new incentive and relaunch of the work of the Church in [[Amazonia]], strongly desired by the Holy Father. There, the Church wishes to be, with courage and determination, a missionary Church, merciful, prophetic, and close to all the people, especially the poorest, the excluded, the discarded, the forgotten and wounded. A Church with an 'Amazonian face' and a 'native clergy', as Pope Francis proposed in his address to the bishops of Brazil".<ref name=VR>{{cite web|url=http://en.radiovaticana.va/news/2015/03/02/presentation_of_the_pan-amazon_ecclesial_network_(repam)/1126569|title=Presentation of the Pan-Amazon Ecclesial Network (REPAM)|work=[[Vatican Radio]]|first=Vatican|last=Radio|date=2 March 2015|access-date=10 July 2016}}</ref>

=== Death ===
Hummes died at his home in [[São Paulo]] on 4 July 2022 following a bout of [[lung cancer]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Morre Cardeal Cláudio Hummes, franciscano que defendeu povos indígenas e influenciou escolha do nome do Papa |url=https://g1.globo.com/sp/sao-paulo/noticia/2022/07/04/morre-cardeal-claudio-hummes-franciscano-que-defendeu-povos-indigenas-e-influenciou-escolha-do-nome-do-papa.ghtml |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=G1 |date=4 July 2022 |language=pt-br}}</ref>  He was 87.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chu |first=Henry |date=2022-07-05 |title=Brazilian Claudio Hummes, once viewed as possible first Latin American pope, dies at 87 |url=https://www.latimes.com/obituaries/story/2022-07-05/claudio-hummes-brazil-cardinal-dead |access-date=2022-07-05|url-access=limited|newspaper=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref>