Editing Classical Armenian (section)

==Phonology==


[[File:Epitafium Minasowiczów kościół św. Jacka w Warszawie.JPG|thumb|left|Epitaph in Classical Armenian for Jakub and Marianna Minasowicz at [[St. Hyacinth's Church, Warsaw|St. Hyacinth's Church]] in [[Warsaw]]]]

===Vowels===
There are seven [[monophthongs]]: 
* {{IPA|/a/}} (Ա), {{IPA|/i/}} (Ի), {{IPA|/ə/}} (Ը), {{IPA|/ɛ/}} or open ''e'' (Ե), {{IPA|/e/}} or closed ''e'' (Է), {{IPA|/o/}} (Ո), and {{IPA|/u/}} (ՈՒ) (transcribed as ''a'', ''i'', ''ə'', ''e'', ''ē'', ''o'', and ''u'' respectively). The vowel transcribed ''u'' is spelled using the Armenian letters for ''ow'' (ՈՒ) but it is not actually a [[diphthong]].

There are also traditionally six diphthongs:
* ''ay'' (ԱՅ), ''aw'' (ԱՒ, later Օ), ''ea'' (ԵԱ), ''ew'' (ԵՒ), ''iw'' (ԻՒ), ''oy'' (ՈՅ).

===Consonants===
In the following table is the Classical Armenian consonantal system. The [[stop consonant|stops]] and [[affricate consonant]]s have, in addition to the more common [[voice (phonetics)|voiced and unvoiced]] series, also a separate [[aspirated consonant|aspirated series]], transcribed with the notation used for Ancient Greek [[rough breathing]] after the letter: ''p῾'', ''t῾'', ''c῾'', ''č῾'', ''k῾''. Each phoneme has two symbols in the table. The left indicates the pronunciation in [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA); the right one is the corresponding symbol in the [[Armenian alphabet]].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | 
! rowspan="2" | [[labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! rowspan="2" | [[palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! rowspan="2" | [[velar consonant|Velar]] /<br>[[uvular consonant|Uvular]]
! rowspan="2" | [[glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|- 
! {{small|plain}}
! {{small|[[Velarization|velar.]]}}
|-
! colspan="2"| [[Nasal consonant|Nasals]]
|<big>{{IPA|/m/}} &nbsp; Մ &nbsp;</big>
|<big>{{IPA|/n/}} &nbsp; Ն &nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|- align="center"
! rowspan="3"| [[Stop consonant|Stops]]
! <small>voiced</small>
|<big>{{IPA|/b/}} &nbsp; Բ &nbsp;</big>
|<big>{{IPA|/d/}} &nbsp; Դ &nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|<big>{{IPA|/ɡ/}} &nbsp; Գ &nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|- align="center"
! <small>unvoiced</small>
|<big>{{IPA|/p/}} &nbsp; Պ &nbsp;</big>
|<big>{{IPA|/t/}} &nbsp; Տ &nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|<big>{{IPA|/k/}} &nbsp; Կ &nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|- align="center"
! <small>aspirated</small>
|<big>{{IPA|/pʰ/}} &nbsp; Փ &nbsp;</big>
|<big>{{IPA|/tʰ/}} &nbsp; Թ &nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|<big>{{IPA|/kʰ/}} &nbsp; Ք &nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|- align="center"
! rowspan="3"| [[Affricate consonant|Affricates]]
! <small>voiced</small>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|<big>{{IPA|/dz/}} &nbsp; Ձ &nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|<big>{{IPA|/dʒ/}} &nbsp; Ջ &nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|- align="center"
! <small>unvoiced / ejective</small>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|<big>{{IPA|/ts/}} &nbsp; Ծ &nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|<big>{{IPA|/tʃ/}} &nbsp; Ճ &nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|- align="center"
! <small>aspirated</small>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|<big>{{IPA|/tsʰ/}} &nbsp; Ց &nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|<big>{{IPA|/tʃʰ/}} &nbsp; Չ &nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|- align="center"
! rowspan="2"|[[Fricative consonant|Fricatives]]
! <small>voiced</small>
| <big>{{IPA|/v/}} &nbsp; Վ &nbsp;</big>
| <big>{{IPA|/z/}} &nbsp; Զ &nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
| <big>{{IPA|/ʒ/}} &nbsp; Ժ &nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|- align="center"
! <small>unvoiced</small>
|<big>{{IPA|/f/}} &nbsp; Ֆ &nbsp;{{efn|The letter ''f'' (or Ֆ) was introduced in the Medieval Period to represent the foreign sound {{IPA|/f/}}, the [[voiceless labiodental fricative]]; it was not originally a letter in the alphabet.<ref>{{cite book |last=Dum-Tragut |first=Jasmine |year=2009 |title=Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SGyop5guXDkC&pg=PA18 |publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company |page=18 |isbn=9789027238146 |access-date=19 May 2021}}</ref>}}</big>
|<big>{{IPA|/s/}} &nbsp; Ս &nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|<big>{{IPA|/ʃ/}} &nbsp; Շ &nbsp;</big>
|<big>{{IPA|/χ/}} &nbsp; Խ &nbsp;</big>
|<big>{{IPA|/h/}} &nbsp; Հ &nbsp;</big>
|- align="center"
! rowspan="2"| [[Approximant consonant|Approximants]]
! <small>[[Lateral consonant|lateral]]</small>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|<big>{{IPA|/l/}} &nbsp; Լ &nbsp;</big>
| <big>{{IPA|/ɫ/}} &nbsp; Ղ &nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|- align="center"
! <small>[[Central consonant|central]]</small>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|<big>{{IPA|/ɹ/}} &nbsp; Ր &nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|<big>{{IPA|/j/}} &nbsp; Յ &nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|- align="center"
! colspan="2"| [[Trill consonant|Trill]]
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|<big>{{IPA|/r/}} &nbsp; Ռ &nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
| <big>&nbsp;</big>
|}

{{notelist}}