Editing Clio Awards (section)

==History==
The awards, founded by [[Wallace A. Ross]] in 1959, are named for the Greek goddess [[Clio]], the mythological [[Muse]] known as "the proclaimer, glorifier and celebrator of history, great deeds and accomplishments."<ref name=GUIDE />

Originally presented by the [[Wallace A. Ross|American Radio and TV Commercials Festival]], the parent company for the Clios, also founded and directed by Ross,<ref>"Meet Wallace A. Ross," by Kaplan; ''Back Stage Magazine'', 1964; pages 4-5.</ref> the first Clios were awarded in 1960 for excellence in U.S. television advertising. Each winner received a gold [[Georg Olden (graphic designer)|Georg Olden]]–designed statuette. The competition was expanded to include work on international television and cinema in 1966, and then U.S. radio ads in 1967.<ref name=GUIDE>Carder, Sheri: [https://books.google.com/books?id=U3rJxPYT32MC&dq=1993+Clio+award&pg=PA180 "Clio Awards"] ''The Guide to United States popular culture'', pages 180-181, {{ISBN|978-0-87972-821-2}}</ref>

=== 1970s–1980s ===
{{stack|[[File:1977 Clio ArthurSchroeck.jpg|thumb|Engraved plaque on the 1977 Clio award given to [[Artie Schroeck]] for arranging the music in a [[McDonald's]] jingle.]]}}
The Clio Awards were acquired by Bill Evans in 1971 for [[United States dollar|US$]]150,000<ref name=LAT>{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-09-04-fi-6474-story.html|title=Hello Clio, What's New? : Advertising Executives Slow to Welcome Reincarnated Award Ceremony|last=Horovitz|first=Bruce|date=September 4, 1992|work=[[Los Angeles Times|LA Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315035719/http://articles.latimes.com/1992-09-04/business/fi-6474_1_clio-awards|archive-date=March 15, 2012|url-status=live|access-date=August 4, 2021}}</ref> ({{Inflation|US|150000|1972|fmt=eq}}) and became a "[[For-profit|for profit]]" company.<ref name=GUIDE /> Over the next two decades the company's income grew to $2.5&nbsp;million per year, derived primarily from Clio nomination fees, of $70 to $100 per entry.<ref name=TIME />

Evans expanded competition by including U.S. print advertising in 1971, international print advertising in 1972, international radio advertising in 1974, U.S. packaging design in 1976, international packaging design and U.S. specialty advertising in 1977, U.S. cable in 1983, and Hispanic competition in 1987.<ref name=GUIDE />

The rules for the 1984 award required that a given entry appear publicly during the calendar year in 1983. In order to be eligible, [[Chiat/Day]] needed to run [[Apple Inc.|Apple Computer]]'s "[[1984 (advertisement)|1984]]" commercial (directed by [[Ridley Scott]]) for the [[Macintosh]] computer prior to [[Super Bowl XVIII]]. In December 1983, Apple purchased time on [[KMVT]] in [[Twin Falls, Idaho]], after the normal sign-off, and recorded the broadcast in order to qualify.<ref name="linzmayer">Linzmayer, Owen (1994). ''The Mac Bathroom Reader''. Sybex, {{ISBN|978-0-7821-1531-4}}</ref>

In 1984, a nearly identical situation occurred when [[Doyle Dane Bernbach]], the ad agency for [[Ziebart]], purchased time on a [[Detroit]] channel carrying the inaugural [[Cherry Bowl]] college football game in December in order for Ziebart's "Friend of the Family (Rust in Peace)" commercial to be eligible for the awards the following year. The commercial won the Clio Award in 1985.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/99092280/|title=What's Wrong With Detroit Now|date=August 26, 1985|work=Detroit Free Press|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819054509/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/99092280/|archive-date=August 19, 2016|url-status=live|access-date=July 3, 2016|url-access=subscription|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>

The 1988 awards were aired on television on [[Fox Broadcasting Company|FOX]] and hosted by [[David Leisure]] on December 7, 1988.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/07/arts/review-television-special-offer-the-clio-candidates.html|title=Review/Television; Special Offer: The Clio Candidates|last=O'Connor|first=John J.|date=December 7, 1988|work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150525082802/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/12/07/arts/review-television-special-offer-the-clio-candidates.html|archive-date=May 25, 2015|url-status=dead<!--url is live but marked as dead to display archive since page is sub-locked-->|access-date=August 5, 2021|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

=== 1990s ===
==== 1991 Clio Awards ====
Attendees of the 1991 Clio Awards who had paid the $125 admission price did not have tickets waiting at the door, as promised. Also missing was Clio President Bill Evans.

The caterer of the event announced that the [[master of ceremonies]] was considered a no-show, but that he would attempt to stand in as the host. He informed the audience that the winners list had been lost. Print ads were the first awards; transparencies of the winning entries were displayed, sometimes backwards or out of focus. As each image appeared on screen, the owner of the work was asked to come to the stage, pick up their Clio, and identify themselves and their agency. Eventually, advertising executives, intent on the Clios that remained, rushed the stage and grabbed any that had not been claimed.<ref name=TIME /><ref name=LAT />

The event for television commercials, scheduled a few days later, was called off.<ref name=TIME /><ref name=LAT />

==== 1992 bankruptcy ====
On March 17, 1992, Clio Enterprises Inc., filed for bankruptcy, claiming $1.8&nbsp;million in debts and indeterminate assets of at least $1&nbsp;million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/18/business/the-media-business-advertising-addenda-bankruptcy-filing-by-clio-enterprises.html|title=Bankruptcy Filing By Clio Enterprises|last=Elliott|first=Stuart|date=March 18, 1992|work=[[The New York Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002130326/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/18/business/the-media-business-advertising-addenda-bankruptcy-filing-by-clio-enterprises.html|archive-date=October 2, 2016|url-status=dead<!--url is live but marked as dead to display archive since page is sub-locked-->|access-date=August 4, 2021|url-access=subscription}}</ref> [[Chicago]] publisher [[Ruth L. Ratny|Ruth Ratny]] purchased the Clio name for an undisclosed figure. Evans had wanted $2&nbsp;million, and trade publications reported a sale price of $10,000, which Ratny called low. Ratny reorganized the event as the '''New Clio Awards''', and combined what had previously been two events into a single presentation, which was delayed from June until September 1992. ''[[Advertising Age]]'' magazine reported 6,000 entries, less than one quarter of the 1990 total. As a concession to the 1991 winners who had not yet received the trophies, their entry fee was waived. The 1990 award show at the [[Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts]] drew 1,800, while only 500 paid for the 1992 show at the [[Waldorf-Astoria Hotel]],<ref name="LAT" /> which was hosted by [[Tony Randall]]. A total of 86 awards in 73 categories were handed out.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/14/business/the-media-business-advertising-new-clios-face-a-test-of-credibility.html|title='New' Clios Face a Test Of Credibility|last=Elliott|first=Stuart|date=September 14, 1992|work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002134801/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/09/14/business/the-media-business-advertising-new-clios-face-a-test-of-credibility.html|archive-date=October 2, 2016|url-status=dead<!--url is live but marked as dead to display archive since page is sub-locked-->|access-date=August 4, 2021|url-access=subscription}}</ref> Another major change with the "New" Clios was direct competition between U.S. and foreign firms, which resulted in Swiss agency Comsult/Advico Young & Rubicam being named the winner of the best Television campaign.<ref name="SWISS">{{cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-09-16-fi-1011-story.html|title=Swiss Firm Wins Top Clio Award|last=Horovitz|first=Bruce|date=September 16, 1992|work=Los Angeles Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103070803/http://articles.latimes.com/1992-09-16/business/fi-1011_1_clio-awards|archive-date=November 3, 2012|url-status=live|access-date=August 5, 2021}}</ref>

A bankruptcy court ruled that the creditors of the 1991 Clio Awards should be paid. At the time, Ratny lacked the financial resources to settle the $600,000 debt. Another Chicagoan, former film editor James M. Smyth, put up the money and became sole owner of the Clio Awards. On New Year's Eve of 1992, Smyth began working on the 1993 show.<ref name=TEMPO>{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1993/02/22/on-sept-21-tempo-reported-on-the/|title=Tempo reported on the New Clio Awards|last=Millman|first=Nancy|date=February 22, 1993|work=Chicago Tribune|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614034157/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1993-02-22/features/9303183743_1_new-clio-awards-revive-condo|archive-date=June 14, 2012|url-status=live|access-date=August 5, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/keyword/clio-awards|title=The Clio Awards is about to get yet|last=Feigenbaum|first=Nancy|date=February 1, 1993|work=Orlando Sentinel|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628044420/http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/keyword/clio-awards|archive-date=June 28, 2010|url-status=dead|access-date=August 5, 2021}}</ref> The award ceremony was again delayed until September, and  [[Jay Chiat]] of [[TBWA\Chiat\Day]], Rick Fizdale from [[Leo Burnett Worldwide]] and Keith Reinhard at [[DDB Worldwide]] joined the  Clio Executive Committee.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/28/business/the-media-business-advertising-addenda-another-setback-for-clio-awards.html|title=Another Setback For Clio Awards|last=Elliot|first=Stuart|date=May 28, 1993|work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118080556/http://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/28/business/the-media-business-advertising-addenda-another-setback-for-clio-awards.html|archive-date=January 18, 2018|url-status=dead<!--url is live but marked as dead to display archive since page is sub-locked-->|access-date=August 5, 2021|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

In 1997, the Clios were sold to Dutch-owned company [[VNU Media]];<ref name=TIME/> [[Andrew Jaffe]] at ''[[Adweek]]'' managed the acquisition.<ref name="NYT Jaffe">{{cite news |last1=Elliott |first1=Stuart |title=Andrew Jaffe, Who Brought Clios to Adweek, Is Dead at 71 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/06/business/media/06jaffe.html |access-date=15 October 2021 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=6 March 2010}}</ref>

=== 2000s ===
In 2007, VNU changed its name to the [[Nielsen Company]].<ref name=TIME>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,973271,00.html|title= Advertising The Collapse Of Clio|author=<!--Staff writers; no by-line-->|date=July 1, 1991|magazine=Time|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101122021013/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,973271,00.html|archive-date=November 22, 2010|url-status=dead|access-date=August 5, 2021}}</ref>

In 2009, [[e5 Global Media]] assumed control of Clio, when it acquired magazines ''[[Adweek]]'' and [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']], among others, from Nielsen Business Media.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nypost.com/p/news/business/clio_awards_return_to_downtown_just_QAsQQ6thXSqBNnviIEKMhM|title=CLIO awards return to downtown just as advertised|last=Kelly|first=Keith J.|date=May 23, 2010|work=[[New York Post]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150526210232/https://nypost.com/2010/05/23/clio-awards-return-to-downtown-just-as-advertised/|archive-date=May 26, 2015|url-status=live|access-date=August 5, 2021}}</ref>{{unreliable source?|reason=NYP deprecated as a reliable source per [[WP:NYPOST]]|date=August 2021}}

In 2010, Nicole Purcell was appointed executive director of Clio and Brooke Levy was hired to run marketing for the organization. In 2015, Purcell was promoted to president.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/news/nicole-purcell-named-president-clio-050048028.html|title=Nicole Purcell Named President of CLIO|author=<!--THR Staff-->|date=January 20, 2015|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805042644/https://sports.yahoo.com/news/nicole-purcell-named-president-clio-050048028.html|archive-date=August 5, 2021|url-status=live|access-date=August 5, 2021|via=[[Yahoo Sports]]}}</ref>

In 2014, the Clio Awards absorbed ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]''<nowiki/>'s [[Key Art Awards]] (created in 1971 by [[Tichi Wilkerson Kassel|Tichi Wilkerson]]) to celebrate marketing and communications in the entertainment business. In 2017, it was renamed the Clio Entertainment Award.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Chagollan |first=Steve |date=2021-12-13 |title=Clio Entertainment Awards Ensure Marketing's "Unsung Heroes" Their Moment in the Sun |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-features/clio-entertainment-awards-50th-anniversary-1235058139/ |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Program Home |url=https://clios.com/entertainment |access-date=2022-03-27 |website=Clios |language=en}}</ref>

In 2020, the Clios were postponed due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name=":7" />