Editing Clog (section)

== Typology ==
[[File:Red Lancashire clogs (side view).jpg|thumb|Wooden soled type [[clog (British)|English clogs]]]]
[[File:Fraumünster Mittelalter Spectaculum 2011-05-20 14-37-32.JPG|thumb|Overshoes type of clogs ([[pattens]]) with leather [[turnshoes]] (German), reconstruction of the Middle Ages]]

The ''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]'' defines a clog as a "thick piece of wood", and later as a "wooden soled overshoe" and a "shoe with a thick wooden sole".{{sfn|OED-clog}}

Welsh traditional clog maker Trefor Owen identified three main varieties of clogs: wooden upper, wooden soled and overshoes.{{sfn|Owen: CPRW|2012}}
* Wooden upper clogs; are made by hollowing out a lump of solid wood to make a combined upper and lower. Two main variants can be seen:
** whole foot clogs; where the wooden upper covers the whole of the foot to near the ankle, such as the Dutch [[klomp]]. They are also known as "wooden shoes".  Whole foot clogs can give sufficient protection to be used as [[safety boot|safety footwear]] without additional reinforcements.
** half open clogs; where the wooden upper extends over the toes or slightly further, such as the Belgian [[Sabot (shoe)|sabots]]. The upper is similar in outline to a [[court shoe]]. Half open clogs may have additional covering or securing straps in some sort of fabric or leather.
* Wooden soled clogs; use wood for the sole only. Wooden soled clogs come with a variety of uppers:
** complete uppers made from leather or similar material, such as [[clog (British)|English clogs]]. For more protection, they may have steel toecaps and/or steel reinforcing inserts in the undersides of the soles
** open sandal type fitting. For example, Japanese [[Geta (footwear)|geta]]
** toe peg styles. For example, Indian [[paduka]]
* Overshoes; are wooden soles with straps designed to be worn over other footwear for protection, commonly known as [[Patten (shoe)|pattens]]. Patten style clogs are not used anymore. However the derivative [[galoshes]] are common worldwide.
These divisions are not fixed: some overshoes look more like whole foot clogs, like Spanish [[albarca]], whilst other wooden soled clogs raise and protect clothing in the way that overshoes do, such as Japanese [[Geta (footwear)|geta]].

The type of upper determines how the clogs are worn. Whole foot clogs need to be close fitting and can be secured by curling the toes. In contrast wooden soled clogs are fastened by laces or buckles on the welt and therefore the toes are relaxed as in shoes. Half open clogs may either be secured like whole foot clogs, or have an additional strap over the top of the foot. Some sandal types, and in particular toe peg styles, are worn more like "[[flip-flops]]" and rely on the grip between the big and next toe.