Editing Clouded leopard (section)

== Taxonomy and phylogeny ==
''Felis nebulosa'' was proposed by [[Edward Griffith (zoologist)|Edward Griffith]] in 1821 who first [[scientific description|described]] a skin of a clouded leopard that was brought alive from [[Guangdong]] in China to the menagerie at [[Exeter Exchange]] in London.<ref>{{cite book |last=Griffith, E. |year=1821 |title=General and particular descriptions of the vertebrated animals arranged comfortably to the modern discoveries and improvements in zoology |location=London |publisher=Baldwin, Cradock & Joy |chapter=The Chinese, or tortoiseshell Tiger. ''Felis nebulosa'' |page=37 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XMAyAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA36-IA2 |access-date=19 November 2020 |archive-date=10 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210100221/https://books.google.com/books?id=XMAyAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA36-IA2 |url-status=live}}</ref>
''Felis macrosceloides'' proposed by [[Brian Houghton Hodgson]] in 1841 was a clouded leopard [[Zoological specimen|specimen]] from Nepal.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Hodgson, B. H. |year=1841 |title=Classified Catalogue of Mammals of Nepal |journal=Calcutta Journal of Natural History and Miscellany of the Arts and Sciences in India |volume=IV |pages=284–294 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oYg5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA286 |access-date=10 May 2018 |archive-date=10 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210100216/https://books.google.com/books?id=oYg5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA286 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Hodgson, B. H. |year=1853 |title=Felis macrosceloides |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London |volume=I. Mammalia |page=Plate XXXVIII |url=https://archive.org/stream/proceedingsofzoo001zool#page/n83/mode/2up}}</ref>
''[[Formosan clouded leopard|Felis brachyura]]'' proposed by [[Robert Swinhoe]] in 1862 was a clouded leopard skin from Taiwan.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Swinhoe R. |year=1862 |title=On the mammals of the Island of Formosa (China) |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London |volume=30 |pages=347–365 |url=https://archive.org/details/proceedingsofgen62zool/page/352 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.1862.tb06539.x}}</ref>
The [[Generic name (biology)|generic name]] ''[[Neofelis]]'' was proposed by [[John Edward Gray]] in 1867 who subordinated all three to this [[Genus (biology)|genus]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Gray, J. E. |year=1867 |title=Notes on the skulls of cats (Felidae) |journal=Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London |volume=35 |pages=258–277}}</ref>
At present, ''N. nebulosa'' is considered a [[monotypic species]] due to lack of evidence for [[Subspecies|subspeciation]].<ref name=catsg>{{cite journal |author1=Kitchener, A. C. |author2=Breitenmoser-Würsten, C. |author3=Eizirik, E. |author4=Gentry, A. |author5=Werdelin, L. |author6=Wilting, A. |author7=Yamaguchi, N. |author8=Abramov, A. V. |author9=Christiansen, P. |author10=Driscoll, C. |author11=Duckworth, J. W. |author12=Johnson, W. |author13=Luo, S.-J. |author14=Meijaard, E. |author15=O’Donoghue, P. |author16=Sanderson, J. |author17=Seymour, K. |author18=Bruford, M. |author19=Groves, C. |author20=Hoffmann, M. |author21=Nowell, K. |author22=Timmons, Z. |author23=Tobe, S. |name-list-style=amp |year=2017 |title=A revised taxonomy of the Felidae: The final report of the Cat Classification Task Force of the IUCN Cat Specialist Group |journal=Cat News |issue=Special Issue 11 |pages=64–66 |url=https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y#page=67 |access-date=20 December 2020 |archive-date=17 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117172708/https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/32616/A_revised_Felidae_Taxonomy_CatNews.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y#page=67 |url-status=live}}</ref>

''Felis diardi'' proposed by [[Georges Cuvier]] in 1823 was based on a clouded leopard skin from Java.<ref>{{cite book |author=Cuvier, G. |year=1823 |title=Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles : où l'on rétablit les caractères de plusieurs animaux dont les révolutions du globe ont détruit les espèces. Volume IV: Les ruminans et les carnassiers fossiles |location=Paris |publisher=G. Dufour & E. d'Ocagne |chapter=Des ossemens des grands Felis |pages=407−456 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05rNEbfb4v4C&pg=PA437 |access-date=17 November 2020 |archive-date=10 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230210100221/https://books.google.com/books?id=05rNEbfb4v4C&pg=PA437 |url-status=live }}</ref>
It was considered a clouded leopard [[subspecies]] by [[Reginald Innes Pocock]] in 1917.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pocock |first1=R. I. |year=1917 |title=The classification of existing Felidae |journal=The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology |series=8th |volume=20 |issue=119 |pages=329–350 |doi=10.1080/00222931709487018 |url=https://archive.org/stream/annalsmagazineof8201917lond#page/343/mode/1up}}</ref> In 2006, it was identified as a distinct ''Neofelis'' species, the [[Sunda clouded leopard]].<ref name=bb>{{cite journal |last1=Buckley-Beason |first1=V. A. |last2=Johnson |first2=W. E. |last3=Nash |first3=W. G. |last4=Stanyon |first4=R. |last5=Menninger |first5=J. C. |last6=Driscoll |first6=C. A. |last7=Howard |first7=J. |last8=Bush |first8=M. |last9=Page |first9=J. E. |last10=Roelke |first10=M. E. |last11=Stone |first11=G. |last12=Martelli |first12=P. P. |last13=Wen |first13=C. |last14=Ling |first14=L. |last15=Duraisingam |first15=R. K. |last16=Lam |first16=P. V. |last17=O'Brien |first17=S. J. |name-list-style=amp |title=Molecular evidence for species-level distinctions in clouded leopards |journal=Current Biology |year=2006 |volume=16 |issue=23 |pages=2371–2376 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2006.08.066 |pmid=17141620 |pmc=5618441|bibcode=2006CBio...16.2371B }}</ref><ref name=Kitchener_al.2006>{{cite journal |last1=Kitchener |first1=A. C. |last2=Beaumont |first2=M. A. |last3=Richardson |first3=D. |name-list-style=amp |title=Geographical variation in the clouded leopard, ''Neofelis nebulosa'', reveals two species|journal=Current Biology |year=2006 |volume=16 |issue=23 |pages=2377–2383 |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2006.10.066 |pmid=17141621|s2cid=6838593 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2006CBio...16.2377K }}</ref> Populations in Taiwan and Hainan Island are considered to belong to the mainland clouded leopard.<ref name=catsg/>

=== Phylogeny ===
Skulls of clouded leopard and ''[[Panthera]]'' species were analysed [[Morphology (biology)|morphologically]] in the 1960s. Results indicate that the clouded leopard forms an [[evolution]]ary link between the [[Pantherinae]] and the [[Felinae]].<ref name=Hemmer1968 />
[[Phylogenetic]] analysis of the [[nuclear DNA]] in tissue samples from all Felidae species revealed that the [[evolutionary radiation]] of the Felidae began in the [[Miocene]] around {{mya|14.45|8.38}} in Asia.<ref name=Johnson2006>{{cite journal |last1=Johnson |first1=W. E. |last2=Eizirik |first2=E. |last3=Pecon-Slattery |first3=J. |last4=Murphy, W. J. |last5=Antunes, A. |last6=Teeling, E. |last7=O'Brien, S. J. |name-list-style=amp |year=2006 |doi=10.1126/science.1122277 |title=The Late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment |journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volume=311 |pages=73–77 |issue=5757 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1230866 |pmid=16400146 |bibcode=2006Sci...311...73J |s2cid=41672825 |access-date=11 September 2019 |archive-date=4 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004075725/https://zenodo.org/record/1230866 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Werdelin2010>{{cite book |last1=Werdelin |first1=L. |last2=Yamaguchi |first2=N. |last3=Johnson |first3=W. E. |last4=O'Brien |first4=S. J. |name-list-style=amp |chapter=Phylogeny and evolution of cats (Felidae) |year=2010 |pages=59–82 |editor1-last=Macdonald |editor1-first=D. W. |editor2-last=Loveridge |editor2-first=A. J. |title=Biology and Conservation of Wild Felids |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, UK |isbn=978-0-19-923445-5 |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266755142 |access-date=16 September 2019 |archive-date=25 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925141956/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266755142 |url-status=live}}</ref> Analysis of [[mitochondrial DNA]] of all Felidae species indicates a radiation at {{mya|16.76|6.46}}.<ref name=Li_al2016>{{cite journal |author=Li, G. |author2=Davis, B. W. |author3=Eizirik, E. |name-list-style=amp |author4=Murphy, W. J. |year=2016 |title=Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae) |journal=Genome Research |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–11 |doi=10.1101/gr.186668.114 |pmid=26518481 |pmc=4691742}}</ref>
The clouded leopard is the [[Sister group|sister taxon]] to all other members of the Pantherinae, diverging {{mya|9.32|4.47}}, based on analysis of their nuclear DNA.<ref name=Johnson2006/>
The clouded leopard from mainland Asia reached [[Borneo]] and [[Sumatra]] via a now submerged [[land bridge]] probably during the [[Pleistocene]], when populations became isolated during periods of global cooling and warming. [[Genetic analysis]] of hair samples of the clouded leopard and its [[Sister group|sister species]] the Sunda clouded leopard (''N. diardi'') indicates that they diverged 2.0–0.93 million years ago.<ref name=bb/>

{{clade gallery |align=left |width=400px; |main-caption=Phylogenetic relationships of the clouded leopard as derived through analysis of
|header1=nuclear DNA:<ref name=Johnson2006/>
|cladogram1={{clade |label1=Felidae
  |1={{clade |label2=Pantherinae
   |1=Felinae
   |2={{clade |1=''Panthera'' |2=Clouded leopard }} }} }}
|header2=combined mitochondrial and nuclear DNA:<ref name=bb/>
|cladogram2={{clade |label1=Felidae
  |1={{clade |label2=Pantherinae
   |1=Felinae
   |2={{clade
    |1=''Panthera'' |label2=''Neofelis''
    |2={{clade
     |1=Sunda clouded leopard
     |2=Mainland clouded leopard }} }} }} }} }}
{{clear|left}}